命运和16类固醇的去除(雌激素,在使用微波(MW)预处理的污泥饼的高级厌氧消化过程中研究了雄激素和孕激素)激素。预处理温度(80、120、160℃)的影响,工作温度(35±2°C时的中温,使用八种实验室规模的半连续进给消化器研究了在55±2°C下的嗜热)和污泥保留时间(SRT:20、10、5天)。为了确定MW水解的潜在影响,在消化器流入和流出物流的总(吸附的可溶性)和上清液(可溶性)相中定量激素。在一个或多个样品中,16种激素中的7种高于方法报告极限(RL)。未预处理(对照)和预处理消化器饲料总阶段的激素浓度范围为<157-2491ng/L和<157-749ng/L,分别。发现三个研究因素在从可溶性和/或总相中去除一种或多种激素方面具有统计学意义(95%置信水平)。进水的MW水解导致可溶相中激素的释放(从污泥基质中)和衰减。在大多数消化器中雌酮(E1)以及孕酮(Pr)和雄烯二酮(Ad)的积累表明激素之间可能存在微生物转化。与对照组相比,所有预处理的消化器在其流入流中的总激素浓度较低。在20天SRT时,最高的总去除(E1+E2+Ad+Pr)是观察到的高温对照消化器(56%),然后在120°C和160°C下进行预处理的中温消化器,效率约为48%。在常规性能参数方面,在5天SRT下,MW预处理消化器的相对(相对于对照)改善范围为98-163%和57-121%,用于挥发性固体去除和甲烷生产,分别。
Fate and removal of 16 steroidal (estrogenic, androgenic and progestogenic) hormones were studied during advanced anaerobic digestion of sludge cake using microwave (MW) pretreatment. Effect of pretreatment temperature (80, 120, 160 °C), operating temperature (mesophilic at 35 ± 2 °C, thermophilic at 55 ± 2 °C) and sludge retention time (SRT: 20, 10, 5 days) were studied employing eight lab-scale semi-continuously fed digesters. To determine the potential effect of MW hydrolysis, hormones were quantified in total (sorbed + soluble) and supernatant (soluble) phases of the digester influent and effluent streams. Seven of 16 hormones were above the method reporting limit (RL) in one or more of the samples. Hormone concentrations in total phase of un-pretreated (control) and pretreated digester feeds ranged in <157-2491 ng/L and <157-749 ng/L, respectively. The three studied factors were found to be statistically significant (95% confidence level) in removal of one or more hormones from soluble and/or total phase. MW hydrolysis of the influent resulted in both release (from sludge matrix) and attenuation of hormones in the soluble phase. Accumulation of estrone (E1) as well as progesterone (Pr) and androstenedione (Ad) in most of the digesters indicated possible microbial transformations among the hormones. Compared to controls, all pretreated digesters had lower total hormone concentrations in their influent streams. At 20 days SRT, highest total removal (E1+E2+Ad +Pr) was observed for the thermophilic control digester (56%), followed by pretreated mesophilic digesters at 120 °C and 160 °C with around 48% efficiency. In terms of conventional performance parameters, relative (to control) improvements of MW pretreated digesters at a 5-d SRT ranged in 98-163% and 57-121%, for volatile solids removal and methane production, respectively.