■男性容易受到与环境热相关的肾脏疾病负担;然而,有限的证据表明,女性在暴露于高温环境时是多么脆弱。我们评估了环境温度和尿液电解质之间的性别特异性关联,和24小时尿总蛋白,和音量。
■我们汇集了来自西南沿海的1175名参与者的纵向5624人访视数据,其尿液电解质和其他生物标志物的浓度和24小时排泄(24小时尿液总蛋白和体积)孟加拉国(Khulna,Satkhira,和Mongla地区)在2016年11月至2017年4月期间。然后,我们将来自当地气象站的环境温度数据与参与者的健康结果进行时空关联。为了评估平均环境温度与尿液电解质和其他生物标志物之间的关系,我们使用参与者水平绘制了混杂调整的受限三次样条(RCS)图,家庭层面,和社区级随机拦截。然后,我们将分段线性混合效应模型用于由RCS图中的拐点确定的不同环境温度段,并报告了最大似然估计和聚类鲁棒标准误差。通过应用性别和环境温度的相互作用术语,我们使用Wald检验确定总体显著性.Bonferroni校正用于多重比较。
■RCS图显示了男性和女性的环境热量和尿液生物标志物之间的非线性关联。分段线性混合效应模型表明,在Bonferroni校正后,性别并未改变环境温度与任何尿液参数的关系(P<0.004)。
■我们的发现表明,女性与男性一样容易受到高环境温度暴露的影响。
UNASSIGNED: Men are vulnerable to ambient heat-related kidney disease burden; however, limited evidence exists on how vulnerable women are when exposed to high ambient heat. We evaluated the sex-specific association between ambient temperature and urine electrolytes, and 24-hour urine total protein, and volume.
UNASSIGNED: We pooled a longitudinal 5624 person-visits data of 1175 participants\' concentration and 24-hour excretion of urine electrolytes and other biomarkers (24-hour urine total protein and volume) from southwest coastal Bangladesh (Khulna, Satkhira, and Mongla districts) during November 2016 to April 2017. We then spatiotemporally linked ambient temperature data from local weather stations to participants\' health outcomes. For evaluating the relationships between average ambient temperature and urine electrolytes and other biomarkers, we plotted confounder-adjusted restricted cubic spline (RCS) plots using participant-level, household-level, and community-level random intercepts. We then used piece-wise linear mixed-effects models for different ambient temperature segments determined by inflection points in RCS plots and reported the maximum likelihood estimates and cluster robust standard errors. By applying interaction terms for sex and ambient temperature, we determined the overall significance using the Wald test. Bonferroni correction was used for multiple comparisons.
UNASSIGNED: The RCS plots demonstrated nonlinear associations between ambient heat and urine biomarkers for males and females. Piecewise linear mixed-effects models suggested that sex did not modify the relationship of ambient temperature with any of the urine parameters after Bonferroni correction (P < 0.004).
UNASSIGNED: Our findings suggest that women are as susceptible to the effects of high ambient temperature exposure as men.