背景:儿童和年轻的成年难民是一个由脆弱和有弹性的个体组成的异质群体。以人为本的统计方法可以帮助解开这种异质性,实现量身定制的干预措施。这篇系统的综述研究了以人为中心的逆境研究,心理健康,以及有难民背景的儿童和年轻人的复原力,以确定亚组并评估其理论和实践相关性。
方法:该策略包括三个搜索块:1)难民,2)儿童和/或青年,3)以人为本的方法。通过PubMed的搜索确定了研究,学术搜索完成,Scopus,PsycINFO,CINAHL,ERIC,还有Cochrane.搜索包括直到2023年12月的所有已发表的研究。如果他们使用逆境,研究有资格进行审查,心理健康或复原力变量作为以人为本分析的指标。研究人群需要具有平均年龄≤25岁的难民背景。研究的报告质量使用修改版本的潜在轨迹研究报告指南(GRoLTS)清单进行评估。结果以叙述格式并使用汇总表进行分析。
结果:最初确定了总共6706项研究,其中7人符合审查资格。这些研究包括2409人,在难民营中进行,社区,以及整个非洲的机构和临床环境,中东,欧洲,亚洲,和北美。七项研究中有五项将逆境作为指标,和三篇文章精神不健康。只有一篇文章专门研究了弹性。所有研究都确定了亚组,但有关组成员预测因素的研究结果尚无定论.不利结果的风险,比如心理健康问题,在各个子组之间也有所不同。这些研究通常显示,对数据分析的重要方法学方面的报告不足,缺乏理论考虑,缺乏可靠性测试。
结论:在有难民背景的儿童和年轻人的研究中使用以人为本的方法,专注于逆境,心理健康,和韧性,目前有限。然而,审查的研究提供了对该人群亚组的有价值的见解,这表明在研究这个群体时可以采用以人为本的方法。未来的研究应该考虑理论和先验知识在选择最终的群体数量,彻底报告质量标准,并严格测试类的可靠性。
BACKGROUND: Child and young adult refugees are a heterogeneous group comprising both vulnerable and resilient individuals. Person-centered statistical methods could help disentangle this heterogeneity, enabling tailored interventions. This systematic review examined person-centered studies on adversity, mental health, and resilience in children and young adults with
refugee backgrounds to identify subgroups and assess their theoretical and practical relevance.
METHODS: The strategy included three search blocks: 1)
refugee, 2) child and/or youth, and 3) person-centered method. Studies were identified through searches of PubMed, Academic Search Complete, Scopus, PsycINFO, CINAHL, ERIC, and Cochrane. The search included all published studies until December 2023. Studies were eligible for review if they used adversity, mental health or resilience variables as indicators in a person-centered analysis. The study population needed to have a
refugee background with a mean age of ≤25. The reporting quality of the studies was assessed using the adapted version of the Guidelines for Reporting on Latent Trajectory Studies (GRoLTS) checklist. The results were analyzed in a narrative format and using summary tables.
RESULTS: A total of 6706 studies were initially identified, of which seven were eligible for review. The studies included 2409 individuals and were conducted in
refugee camps, communities, and institutional and clinical settings across Africa, the Middle East, Europe, Asia, and North America. Five of the seven studies included adversity as an indicator, and three articles mental ill-health. Only one article specifically investigated resilience. All studies identified subgroups, but the findings regarding predictors of group membership were inconclusive. Risks for adverse outcomes, such as mental health problems, also varied across subgroups. The studies generally displayed inadequate reporting of important methodological aspects of the data analysis, a lack of theoretical consideration, and an absence of reliability testing.
CONCLUSIONS: The use of person-centered approaches in research on children and young adults with
refugee backgrounds, focusing on adversity, mental health, and resilience, is currently limited. Nevertheless, the reviewed studies provided valuable insights into subgroups within this population, indicating that person-centered approaches can be employed when studying this group. Future research should consider theory and prior knowledge in the selection of the final number of groups, thoroughly report quality criteria, and rigorously test the reliability of classes.