在科学研究和工业环境中广泛采用小分子荧光检测方法可以归因于其固有的优点,包括灵敏度提高,特殊的选择性,实时检测能力,和非破坏性的特点。近年来,人们越来越关注用硫元素设计的小分子荧光探针,旨在检测各种生物活性物种。这篇综述介绍了2017年至2023年发布的硫基荧光探针的全面调查。识别网站的多样性,包括但不限于N,N-二甲基硫代氨基甲酰基,二硫化物,硫醚,磺酰基和亚砜,硫脲,硫酯,硫代缩醛和硫代缩醛,巯基,吩噻嗪,硫代酰胺,和其他人,这些硫基探针固有的显着增强了它们检测广谱分析物的能力,如金属离子,活性氧,活性硫物种,活性氮物种,蛋白质,和超越。由于探针分子结构的个体差异,可以采用类似的识别单元来辨别不同的底物。在此分类之后,这篇综述对这些探针分子的设计和生物学应用进行了简要的总结和介绍。最后,根据已出版作品的综合,该评论就这些荧光探针的优缺点进行了讨论,为未来的努力提供指导。
The widespread adoption of small-molecule fluorescence detection methodologies in scientific research and industrial contexts can be ascribed to their inherent merits, including elevated sensitivity, exceptional selectivity, real-time detection capabilities, and non-destructive characteristics. In recent years, there has been a growing focus on small-molecule fluorescent probes engineered with sulfur elements, aiming to detect a diverse array of biologically active species. This review presents a comprehensive survey of sulfur-based fluorescent probes published from 2017 to 2023. The diverse repertoire of recognition sites, including but not limited to N, N-dimethylthiocarbamyl, disulfides, thioether, sulfonyls and sulfoxides, thiourea, thioester, thioacetal and thioketal, sulfhydryl, phenothiazine, thioamide, and others, inherent in these sulfur-based probes markedly amplifies their capacity for detecting a broad spectrum of analytes, such as metal ions, reactive oxygen species, reactive sulfur species, reactive nitrogen species, proteins, and beyond. Owing to the individual disparities in the molecular structures of the probes, analogous recognition units may be employed to discern diverse substrates. Subsequent to this classification, the review provides a concise summary and introduction to the design and biological applications of these probe molecules. Lastly, drawing upon a synthesis of published works, the review engages in a discussion regarding the merits and drawbacks of these fluorescent probes, offering guidance for future endeavors.