为了应对不断变化的国际建议和国家要求,一些评估方法,以及相关的工具和模型,在过去大约20年的时间里,已经被开发用于评估野生动物的放射性风险。在本文中,我们总结了现有野生动物放射性评估模型的国际相互比较练习和情景应用,以帮助未来的模型使用者和解释评估的监管机构。通过我们的研究,我们已经评估了各种模型和工具的适用性,确定了不确定性的主要来源,并就如何最好地应用模型和工具以适应评估的目的提出了建议。我们得出的结论是,常用的分层或分级评估工具通常适用于对野生动植物的放射性影响进行筛查级评估。在整个辐射保护系统中,环境(或野生动植物)的辐射保护仍然是一个相对较新的发展,环境评估方法正在继续发展。鉴于一些新的/正在开发的方法与更成熟的模型/工具有很大不同,并且国际上对开发支持有效调节多种压力源(包括辐射)的方法越来越感兴趣,我们建议继续实施协调的国际模式发展计划,相互比较和场景测试。
In response to changing international recommendations and national requirements, a number of assessment approaches, and associated tools and models, have been developed over the last circa 20 years to assess radiological risk to wildlife. In this paper, we summarise international intercomparison exercises and scenario applications of available radiological assessment models for wildlife to aid future model users and those such as regulators who interpret assessments. Through our studies, we have assessed the fitness for purpose of various models and tools, identified the major sources of uncertainty and made recommendations on how the models and tools can best be applied to suit the purposes of an assessment. We conclude that the commonly used tiered or graded assessment tools are generally fit for purpose for conducting screening-level assessments of radiological impacts to wildlife. Radiological protection of the environment (or wildlife) is still a relatively new development within the overall system of radiation protection and environmental assessment approaches are continuing to develop. Given that some new/developing approaches differ considerably from the more established models/tools and there is an increasing international interest in developing approaches that support the effective regulation of multiple stressors (including radiation), we recommend the continuation of coordinated international programmes for model development, intercomparison and scenario testing.