背景:《中国药典》Picrasmaquassioides(PQ)茎和叶被记录为具有抗微生物剂的Kumu,抗癌,抗寄生虫作用,等。然而,在许多亚洲国家,粗茎主要用作药物,很少使用的叶子。到现在为止,PQ叶片的植物化学和生物活性没有得到很好的研究。
方法:使用OrbitrapElite质谱仪来全面研究来自7个不同位置的PQ茎和叶。此外,它们的生物活性针对5种真菌进行了评估,6革兰氏阳性菌和9革兰氏阴性菌,肿瘤细胞系(A549),非肿瘤细胞系(WI-26VA4)和N2野生型秀丽隐杆线虫。
结果:生物测定结果证明了叶和茎对肿瘤细胞的功效,几种细菌和真菌,而只有叶子对秀丽隐杆线虫表现出驱虫活性。从PQ茎和叶中总共鉴定出181种化合物,包括43个β-咔啉,20双β-咔啉,8种canthinone生物碱,56个类抗生素,12种三萜类化合物,13萜类化合物衍生物,11类黄酮,7香豆素,和11种酚类衍生物,从中鉴定出10种化合物作为质量评价的指示成分。大多数生物碱和三萜类化合物集中在PQ茎中,而叶子表现出更高水平的类木素和其他碳水化合物(CHO)成分。
结论:PQ叶与茎表现出不同的化学特征和生物活性,表明它们适合药用。到目前为止,抗菌,抗真菌药,这里首次报道了PQ叶的驱虫活性,考虑到PQ的可持续性,丰富的叶子被建议增加利用,特别是它们富含PQ类的类黄酮。
BACKGROUND: In Chinese Pharmacopeia, Picrasma quassioides (PQ) stems and leaves are recorded as Kumu with antimicrobial, anti-cancer, anti-parasitic effects, etc. However, thick stems are predominantly utilized as medicine in many Asian countries, with leaves rarely used. By now, the phytochemistry and bioactivity of PQ leaves are not well investigated.
METHODS: An Orbitrap Elite mass spectrometer was employed to comprehensively investigate PQ stems and leaves sourced from 7 different locations. Additionally, their bioactivities were evaluated against 5 fungi, 6 Gram-positive bacteria and 9 Gram-negative bacteria, a tumor cell line (A549), a non-tumor cell line (WI-26 VA4) and N2 wild-type Caenorhabditis elegans.
RESULTS: Bioassay results demonstrated the efficacy of both leaves and stems against tumor cells, several bacteria and fungi, while only leaves exhibited anthelmintic activity against C. elegans. A total of 181 compounds were identified from PQ stems and leaves, including 43 β-carbolines, 20 bis β-carbolines, 8 canthinone alkaloids, 56 quassinoids, 12 triterpenoids, 13 terpenoid derivatives, 11 flavonoids, 7 coumarins, and 11 phenolic derivatives, from which 10 compounds were identified as indicator components for quality evaluation. Most alkaloids and triterpenoids were concentrated in PQ stems, while leaves exhibited higher levels of quassinoids and other carbohydrate (CHO) components.
CONCLUSIONS: PQ leaves exhibit distinct chemical profiles and bioactivity with the stems, suggesting their suitability for medicinal purposes. So far, the antibacterial, antifungal, and anthelmintic activities of PQ leaves were first reported here, and considering PQ sustainability, the abundant leaves are recommended for increased utilization, particularly for their rich content of PQ quassinoids.