背景:有证据表明,大多数人都意识到健康饮食的重要性,并且对增强或损害健康的食物类型有广泛的了解。然而,更高的健康素养并不总是导致更健康的饮食。Andreasen的社会营销模型和基于社区的社会营销都认为,为了改变健康行为,了解当前行为的原因以及改善行为的感知障碍和益处至关重要。进行了有限的研究,然而,与一般人群探讨这些问题。本研究旨在使用定性方法帮助解决证据中的这一差距。
方法:进行了三个小组讨论,共有23名参与者:(1)18-24岁无子女的年轻女性;(2)35-45岁有小学儿童的女性;(3)35-50岁的男性与伴侣一起生活,并有学龄前或小学年龄的儿童。讨论在维多利亚州的一个区域中心进行,澳大利亚。使用归纳描述性方法并参考最近的食物选择综合框架对转录进行了主题分析,该框架确定了五个关键的相互关联的决定因素:食物内部因素;食物外部因素;个人状态因素;认知因素;和社会文化因素。
结果:我们发现食物选择很复杂,从讨论中可以看出所有五个决定因素。然而,“食物-外部因素”的“社会环境”子类别,其中包括家庭,工作,和社会结构,以及家庭成员的期望(或感知的期望),同事们,朋友,和其他人,尤其突出。知道一个人应该练习健康饮食,属于“认知因素”类别,虽然被大多数参与者视为一种愿望,通常被认为是不现实的,被对便利的需要和/或渴望所压倒,食物-外部因素的组合:社会环境和个人状态因素:心理因素。
结论:我们发现关于什么的决定,when,以及吃多少被视为受个人无法控制的因素影响很大。看来,因此,改善人们饮食行为的关键是让人们吃得更健康,或者至少不比吃得不好难。
BACKGROUND: There is evidence that most people are aware of the importance of healthy eating and have a broad understanding regarding types of food that enhance or detract from health. However, greater health literacy does not always result in healthier eating. Andreasen\'s Social Marketing Model and Community-Based Social Marketing both posit that, in order to change health behaviours, it is crucial to understand reasons for current behaviours and perceived barriers and benefits to improved behaviours. Limited research has been conducted, however, that explores these issues with general populations. This study aimed to help address this gap in the evidence using a qualitative methodology.
METHODS: Three group discussions were conducted with a total of 23 participants: (1) young women aged 18-24 with no children; (2) women aged 35-45 with primary school aged children; and (3) men aged 35-50 living with a partner and with pre- or primary school aged children. The discussions took place in a regional centre of Victoria, Australia. Transcriptions were thematically analysed using an inductive descriptive approach and with reference to a recent integrated framework of food choice that identified five key interrelated determinants: food- internal factors; food- external factors; personal-state factors; cognitive factors; and sociocultural factors.
RESULTS: We found that food choice was complex, with all five determinants evident from the discussions. However, the \"Social environment\" sub-category of \"Food-external factors\", which included family, work, and social structures, and expectations (or perceived expectations) of family members, colleagues, friends, and others, was particularly prominent. Knowledge that one should practice healthy eating, which falls under the \"Cognitive factor\" category, while seen as an aspiration by most participants, was often viewed as unrealistic, trumped by the need and/or desire for convenience, a combination of Food-external factor: Social environment and Personal-state factor: Psychological components.
CONCLUSIONS: We found that decisions regarding what, when, and how much to eat are seen as heavily influenced by factors outside the control of the individual. It appears, therefore, that a key to improving people\'s eating behaviours is to make it easy to eat more healthfully, or at least not much harder than eating poorly.