公共厕所的卫生行为对预防传染病的传播具有重要意义,尤其是在大流行期间。通过新型冠状病毒(COVID-19)大流行,许多国家的政府发布了普通人群个人卫生指南,以防止疾病传播。这项研究旨在调查大流行之前和期间居民公共厕所卫生意识和行为的改善情况。
我们在大流行前的2018年11月至12月期间招募了316名居民,2020年12月至2021年1月期间,在杭州的同一研究地点,314名居民,中国一个发达的城市。居民在公共厕所的卫生行为,卫生意识,风险感知,并收集社会人口因素。使用双变量分析和多变量逻辑回归来检验两轮之间的差异。我们进行了一项观察性研究,以记录大流行期间厕所卫生设施的提供情况。
在控制社会人口因素(性别,婚姻状况,年龄,教育水平,和每月家庭收入),与大流行前招募的受访者相比,在大流行期间招募的受访者在使用公共厕所时更有可能意识到感染的风险(aOR=1.77,95CI[1.20,2.60]),并且更有可能意识到接触受污染的厕所设施的风险(aOR=1.72,95CI[1.17,2.54])以及在使用厕所后不使用肥皂洗手的风险(aOR=1.93,95CI[1.38,2.72])。他们更有可能总是用酒精清洁马桶座圈(aOR=1.88,95CI[1.01,3.51]),用肥皂洗手(aOR=1.52,95CI[1.09,2.10])并用烘干机擦干手(aOR=1.78,95CI[1.16,2.71]),但他们使用厕所后洗手的可能性较小(aOR=0.57,95CI[0.32,1.00]).在观察到的70个公共厕所中,9提供了用于马桶座圈消毒的酒精,52提供肥皂,33提供纸巾,41个有工作干手机。
尽管整体有所改善,在大流行期间,居民在公共厕所的卫生行为和卫生设施的供应仍然欠佳。需要进一步的卫生教育和在公共厕所中提供足够的卫生设施,以促进居民的卫生行为。
Hygiene behaviors in public toilets are important to prevent the transmission of infectious diseases, especially during the pandemic. All through the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, governments in many countries published guidance on personal hygiene for the general population to prevent disease transmission. This study aimed to investigate improvements in residents\' hygiene awareness and behaviors in public toilets before and during the pandemic.
We recruited 316 residents between November and December 2018 before the pandemic, and 314 residents between December 2020 and January 2021 during the pandemic in the same study sites in Hangzhou, a well-developed city in China. Residents\' hygiene behaviors in public toilets, hygiene awareness, risk perception, and sociodemographic factors were collected. Bivariate analysis and multivariable logistic regressions were used to test the differences between the two rounds. We conducted an observational study to record the provision of hygiene amenities at toilets during the pandemic.
After controlling for sociodemographic factors (gender, marital status, age, education level, and monthly household income), compared with respondents recruited before the pandemic, respondents recruited during the pandemic were more likely to perceive the risks of infection when using public toilets (aOR = 1.77, 95%CI [1.20, 2.60]), and were more likely to be aware of the risks of touching contaminated toilet facilities (aOR = 1.72, 95%CI [1.17, 2.54]) and the risks of not using soap to wash one\'s hands after using the toilet (aOR = 1.93, 95%CI [1.38, 2.72]). They were more likely to always clean their toilet seat with alcohol (aOR = 1.88, 95%CI [1.01, 3.51]), wash hands with soap (aOR = 1.52, 95%CI [1.09, 2.10]) and dry their hands with a dryer (aOR = 1.78, 95%CI [1.16, 2.71]), but they were less likely to always wash their hands after using the toilets (aOR = 0.57, 95%CI [0.32, 1.00]). Among 70 public toilets observed, 9 provided alcohol for toilet seat disinfection, 52 provided soap, 33 provided paper towels, and 41 had working hand dryers.
Despite the overall improvement, residents\' hygiene behaviors in public toilets and the supply of hygiene amenities were still suboptimal during the pandemic. Further hygiene education and an adequate supply of hygiene amenities in public toilets are needed to promote residents\' hygiene behaviors.