The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the ensuing COVID-19 pandemic had far-reaching and multifaceted effects on global health. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the physical, extrapulmonary, and psychological manifestations associated with COVID-19. It highlights the wide-ranging impact of the virus on various organ systems, including the respiratory, cardiovascular, renal, gastrointestinal, ocular, dermatologic, and nervous systems. Additionally, it explores the complex connections between COVID-19 infection and neuropsychiatric symptoms, shedding light on the potential underlying mechanisms. The paper also delves into the phenomenon of \"long COVID,\" a condition characterized by persistent symptoms extending well beyond the disease\'s acute phase. It discusses the diverse and often debilitating symptoms that individuals with long COVID may experience, encompassing physical, cognitive, and psychological aspects. The complexity and variability of long COVID underscore the challenges it poses to healthcare professionals and the importance of ongoing research to understand its underlying mechanisms. Furthermore, the paper touches on the current state of knowledge regarding the aetiology of long COVID and the various approaches to symptom management and treatment. While a definitive cure remains elusive, efforts are underway to alleviate the burden of long COVID through pharmacological interventions, physical therapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and support networks. This paper comprehensively explores COVID-19\'s far-reaching effects, emphasizing the need for a holistic and interdisciplinary approach to understanding and managing the diverse manifestations of this global health challenge. Ongoing research and collaborative efforts are essential in addressing the complex and evolving nature of COVID-19 and its aftermath.

This review addresses the issues of low consumer engagement and market development difficulties in intangible cultural heritage (ICH) products. Dietary ICH products are selected as research materials to discover contemporary commercial survival paths for ICH through the psychological effects of advertising. Firstly, this study examines the respective advantages of rational and emotional ICH advertisement in terms of emotional responses, cognitive responses, attitudes, recall, and recognition. Then, it explores the effects of different ICH advertisement types (rational advertisement, emotional advertisement) and different degrees of situational involvement (purchasing for oneself, purchasing gifts for others) on the advertising effectiveness, aiming to identify factors influencing the psychological effects of ICH advertisement. Through statistical analysis, the main conclusions are as follows: (1) Rational ICH advertisement prompts consumers to consider the actual attributes of ICH products, leading to a more positive purchasing attitude. (2) Emotional ICH advertisement is more effective in eliciting positive emotions from consumers and enhancing brand memory. (3) Under the scenario of purchasing a gift for others, emotional ICH advertisement has a more positive impact on consumers\' attitudes towards advertising. (4) Under different degrees of situational involvement, rational ICH advertisement has a more positive impact on consumers\' purchasing attitudes. This study not only provides guidance for optimizing ICH advertising strategies but also offers new directions for market expansion, contributing valuable insights into cultural heritage preservation, as well as the development and protection of ICH.

We examined the prevalence of obesity in two types of schools-a comprehensive school and a grammar school-in a rural German region of Brandenburg.
METHODS: In a cross-sectional study, BMI values were measured in 114 students in grades 5, 7, and 10. In addition to the demographic data, data on nutrition, physical activity, and mental well-being were collected using a questionnaire.
RESULTS: A total of 44% (11/25) of the comprehensive school students and 15% (13/89) of the high school students are overweight, and 24% (6/25) of the comprehensive school pupils and 6% (5/89) of the grammar school pupils (p = 0.009) are obese. In addition, 91% (10/11) of the students with obesity, 36% (4/11) of the students with pre-obesity, and 31% (26/84) of the normal-weight students (p = 0.001) are concerned about their weight. Among the children with obesity, 82% (9/11) are afraid of gaining weight. In addition, 6% (5/82) of the normal-weight students, 25% (3/12) of the students with pre-obesity, and 70% (7/10) of the students with obesity feel restricted by their weight when exercising.
CONCLUSIONS: School attendance and parental socioeconomic status appear to correlate with students\' weight statuses. There is a high level of suffering, and they feel uncomfortable with their bodies and worry about weight regulation.

Work-related psychosocial hazards are on the verge of surpassing many other occupational hazards in their contribution to ill-health, injury, disability, direct and indirect costs, and impact on business and national productivity. The risks associated with exposure to psychosocial hazards at work are compounded by the increasing background prevalence of mental health disorders in the working-age population. The extensive and cumulative impacts of these exposures represent an alarming public health problem that merits immediate, increased attention. In this paper, we review the linkage between work-related psychosocial hazards and adverse effects, their economic burden, and interventions to prevent and control these hazards. We identify six crucial societal actions: (1) increase awareness of this critical issue through a comprehensive public campaign; (2) increase etiologic, intervention, and implementation research; (3) initiate or augment surveillance efforts; (4) increase translation of research findings into guidance for employers and workers; (5) increase the number and diversity of professionals skilled in preventing and addressing psychosocial hazards; and (6) develop a national regulatory or consensus standard to prevent and control work-related psychosocial hazards.

Compared with other sports, running is popular sport for children throughout the world. Over the last few decades, marathon running has become increasingly popular even in the age group below 18 years. While the majority of youth athletes fall within the 16-18 age range, it is noteworthy that there are also participants younger than 12 years engaging in marathon races. Advice on the safety of youth athletes participating in these events is frequently sought by parents, coaches, sport scientists, and medical professionals, particularly concerning potential short- and long-term health consequences. The act of marathon running has the potential to impact key organ systems during the crucial phases of growth and development. To ensure the safety of marathon running in youth runners, it is essential to address multiple physiological and psychological aspects of health. These recommendations are directed towards ensuring the safe participation of youth athletes in marathon races through proper and individualized assessments.

Research has demonstrated the positive effect of natural environment on human restoration and well-being. Time spent in nature can often alleviate both physiological and psychological stress. However, few studies have discussed the environmental health effects of the nature\'s components and characteristics. Sixty volunteers were recruited and one manufactured environment and five different natural environments were randomly assigned to them, including coniferous forests (pure coniferous forest-PC and mixed coniferous forest-MC), broad-leaved forests (pure broad-leaved forest-PB and mixed broad-leaved forest-MB), and mixed forest (mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forest-MCB). Each volunteer sat in a built or natural environment and looked around the environment for 15 min. Physiological (HR, HRV, BP, pulse rate and salivary cortisol) and psychological indicators (POMS and STAI) were used to evaluate the changes in their stress level. Results indicated a strong difference in HR, HRV, POMS and STAI between the built and natural environment, which showed that natural environment can lower the stress level. MC had the best effect on relieving physiological stress, whereas MCB is most successful in improving emotional state and reducing anxiety. Broad-leaved forest and mixed forest significantly affected the DBP and vigor level of the subjects, respectively. While coniferous forest did significantly increase the concentration of salivary cortisol in subjects. The study confirmed that compared to the built environment, the natural environment can relieve the human body\'s physical and psychological stress and negative emotions, while significantly increasing vitality. And different plant communities also have different effects on the physiological and psychological indicators of the subjects. These results will provide scientific basis for the construction and improvement of urban green space environment.

Traditional Cold Steel Adenoidectomy (TCSA) and Endoscopic-Assisted Cold Steel Adenoidectomy (EACSA) frequently employ surgical adenoid removal methods. While these techniques effectively treat adenoid- related conditions, their influence on patients\' psychological well-being still needs to be more adequately explored. With the increasing focus on the significance of mental well-being in surgical results, this study sought to explore and differentiate the psychological impacts of TCSA and EACSA. The primary objective was to examine and compare anxiety levels between TCSA and EACSA groups. Secondary objectives included evaluating surgical apprehension, post- surgery psychological well-being, procedural satisfaction, postoperative pain, duration until return to daily activities, and occurrence of postoperative complications. In a prospective, randomized controlled trial, 100 patients undergoing adenoidectomy were randomly allocated to the TCSA or EACSA group. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was employed to evaluate anxiety levels at one week, one month, and three months following the surgery. Additional outcomes included surgical apprehension, post-surgery psychological well-being, procedural satisfaction, postoperative pain, time until return to daily activities, and postoperative complications. The EACSA group exhibited significantly lower HADS scores, surgical apprehension scores, and postoperative pain, alongside higher post-surgery psychological well-being scores and procedural satisfaction compared to the TCSA group (p < 0.05). Moreover, the EACSA group had a significantly shorter duration until the return to daily activities (p < 0.05). There were no significant variations found between the groups in terms of either the amount of bleeding during the procedure or the length of the operation. However, the EACSA group demonstrated a lower occurrence of postoperative complications, such as bleeding and infection. The results indicate that EACSA may provide benefits over TCSA in terms of reduced anxiety levels, surgical apprehension, postoperative pain, time until return to daily activities, and enhanced post-surgery psychological well-being and patient satisfaction. These findings could support clinicians in making informed decisions and offering patient counselling when choosing the most appropriate surgical technique based on patients\' psychological health. Nevertheless, additional research is required to assess the enduring psychological consequences of these methods.

Chronic kidney disease is a universal topic gravitating towards various aspects of widespread illness, impacting the overall well-being of human beings. Patients with longstanding renal complaints under dialysis encounter challenges correlated with physical, intuitive, and socio-economic conditions to a greater extent in their daily existence. These portions may include changes in the appearance of a person, restricted physique movements, curbed diet, duration of surgical protocols, travelling time during the period of prevention, financial load, role reversal in the family followed by ruining their livelihood, deprived social rank, difficulty in relational, cordial relationships, and so on. Excluding these details, the sick may be profoundly influenced by sorrow, health anxiety, despair, itching, the impoverished essence of vitality, dysfunction in sexual intimacy, impaired cognition, disturbances in disposition, sleeping fluctuations, frequent panic attacks, delirium, brain-afflicted degeneration disabilities, etcetera. Our analysis focuses on exploring a few unidentified intrinsic factors that distinguish these views over combined elements due to the existing disorder.

UNASSIGNED: COVID-19 affected global physical and psychological health. The purpose of this study was to explore the pandemics impact on health-related quality of life (HRQoL), mental health (anxiety, depression, and perceived stress) and eating behavior in people with severe obesity participating in a multimodal conservative behavioral weight loss (BWL) program conducted via videoconferencing. Additionally, the efficacy of the six-month BWL program in a virtual video-based setting during the pandemic was examined.
UNASSIGNED: 297 participants of a face-to-face multimodal behavioral weight loss program prior to the pandemic (PrePAN, May 2014-September 2019) and 146 participants of the in terms of content same intervention in a videoconference-based setting during the pandemic (PAN, July 2020-April 2022) were questioned and compared using standardized questionnaires for HRQoL, symptoms of depressive and anxiety disorders, perceived stress, and eating behavior at baseline and at the end of treatment.
UNASSIGNED: Symptoms for anxiety, depression and perceived stress were similar between PrePAN and PAN at baseline. In addition, PAN tended to show lower disinhibition of eating behavior and feelings of hunger than PrePAN. During the pandemic, the BWL intervention resulted in body weight loss (67%) or stabilization (16%) in most of the participants. It also contributed by improving physical HRQoL, lower worries, and improved eating behaviors compared to baseline.
UNASSIGNED: During the COVID-19 pandemic, baseline mental health of people with morbid obesity was not worse than before the pandemic. Additionally, the BWL intervention in the virtual video-based setting stabilized and improved physical and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic.

UNASSIGNED: COVID-19 is a new disease infecting a large number of people, and undoubtedly have psychological impacts on healthcare workers. Among healthcare staff, nurses are the most involved ones in fighting against COVID-19. Therefore, this study aimed to explore nurses\' experiences of psychological consequences during caring patients with COVID-19.
UNASSIGNED: The present qualitative study was conducted using the conventional content analysis approach (Graneheim and Lundman) Iran. Participants in this study included 15 nurses working with patients with COVID-19, selected by purposive sampling. Data were collected using in-depth interviews. The rigor of data was assessed using the criteria proposed by Guba and Lincoln.
UNASSIGNED: Nurses reported the four following psychological consequences of COVID-19 pandemic on caring patients with COVID-19: post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, physical exhaustion, and aggressive behaviors.
UNASSIGNED: The data showed that nurses experienced a variety of psychological consequences during caring patients with COVID-19. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor nurses\' psychological problems and implement interventions to improve their mental health.