Prototyping

原型
  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    气候变化对全球农业构成重大威胁,需要创新的解决方案。植物合成生物学,特别是叶绿体工程,有希望成为应对这一挑战的可行方法。叶绿体为基因工程提供了多种有利的性状,但是,这些细胞器中遗传工具和遗传部分表征的发展受到产生转体生物所需的漫长时间尺度的阻碍。为了应对这些挑战,我们已经建立了一个通用的协议,用于产生高活性的基于叶绿体的无细胞基因表达(CFE)系统,该系统来自各种植物物种,包括小麦(单子叶),菠菜,和白杨树(双子叶)。我们表明,这些系统与常规使用的T7RNA聚合酶以及内源性叶绿体聚合酶一起工作,允许在转录和翻译水平上对调控序列进行详细的表征和原型化。为了证明高等植物叶绿体基因表达中启动子和5'和3'非翻译区(UTR)的表征平台,我们分析了235个UTR的集合,103'UTR,和6个叶绿体启动子,评估了它们在菠菜和小麦提取物中的表达,并发现表达模式的一致性,表明跨物种相容性。展望未来,我们的叶绿体CFE系统为植物合成生物学开辟了新的途径,提供原型工具,用于理解基因表达和开发工程植物,这可以帮助满足不断变化的全球气候的需求。
    Climate change poses a significant threat to global agriculture, necessitating innovative solutions. Plant synthetic biology, particularly chloroplast engineering, holds promise as a viable approach to this challenge. Chloroplasts present a variety of advantageous traits for genetic engineering, but the development of genetic tools and genetic part characterization in these organelles is hindered by the lengthy time scales required to generate transplastomic organisms. To address these challenges, we have established a versatile protocol for generating highly active chloroplast-based cell-free gene expression (CFE) systems derived from a diverse range of plant species, including wheat (monocot), spinach, and poplar trees (dicots). We show that these systems work with conventionally used T7 RNA polymerase as well as the endogenous chloroplast polymerases, allowing for detailed characterization and prototyping of regulatory sequences at both transcription and translation levels. To demonstrate the platform for characterization of promoters and 5\' and 3\' untranslated regions (UTRs) in higher plant chloroplast gene expression, we analyze a collection of 23 5\'UTRs, 10 3\'UTRs, and 6 chloroplast promoters, assessed their expression in spinach and wheat extracts, and found consistency in expression patterns, suggesting cross-species compatibility. Looking forward, our chloroplast CFE systems open new avenues for plant synthetic biology, offering prototyping tools for both understanding gene expression and developing engineered plants, which could help meet the demands of a changing global climate.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    在立体光刻(SLA)3D打印中,通过将可光固化的树脂层暴露于UV光来构造物体。这是一种高度用户友好的制造方法,可以通过CAD文件在线库进行技术共享。这里,我们提出了一种微流体增强的斑点印迹设备(Affiblot)的原型程序,该设备旨在简单而廉价地筛选亲和分子特征(抗体,寡核苷酸、细胞受体,等。).微流体特征的结合使样品处理变得用户友好,耗时少,而且不那么费力,全部完全在设备上执行,区别于其他斑点印迹设备。最初,Affiblot设备是使用CNC加工制造的,这需要在手动后处理方面进行大量投资,并导致重现性低。利用SLA3D打印减少了人工后处理的数量,大大简化了原型制作过程。此外,它能够制造以前不可能的特征,包括内部流体通道。虽然亚毫米微通道的3D打印通常需要定制打印机,我们能够在现成的商业打印机上制造微流体特征。可以以可靠的可重复性制造尺寸范围为200-300μm的开放微通道,并用可更换的箔密封。还讨论了器件制造的经济方面。
    In stereolithographic (SLA) 3D printing, objects are constructed by exposing layers of photocurable resin to UV light. It is a highly user-friendly fabrication method that opens a possibility for technology sharing through CAD file online libraries. Here, we present a prototyping procedure of a microfluidics-enhanced dot-blot device (Affiblot) designed for simple and inexpensive screening of affinity molecule characteristics (antibodies, oligonucleotides, cell receptors, etc.). The incorporation of microfluidic features makes sample processing user-friendly, less time-consuming, and less laborious, all performed completely on-device, distinguishing it from other dot-blot devices. Initially, the Affiblot device was fabricated using CNC machining, which required significant investment in manual post-processing and resulted in low reproducibility. Utilization of SLA 3D printing reduced the amount of manual post-processing, which significantly streamlined the prototyping process. Moreover, it enabled the fabrication of previously impossible features, including internal fluidic channels. While 3D printing of sub-millimeter microchannels usually requires custom-built printers, we were able to fabricate microfluidic features on a readily available commercial printer. Open microchannels in the size range 200-300 μm could be fabricated with reliable repeatability and sealed with a replaceable foil. Economic aspects of device fabrication are also discussed.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    目前需要增加矫形器和假肢的招募,一个有希望的方法是提高认识,生物工程等相关学科的学生对O&P的兴趣和跨学科参与。我们描述了我们在匹兹堡大学共同开发并在2023年春季首次部署的新的跨学科课程。该课程建立在以人为中心的设计的核心焦点上,设计思维,体验式学习,3D打印,创造性的解决问题和原型设计。我们利用了基于现实世界的项目学习方法,其中包括学生团队与使用假肢的客户的早期和持续参与。我们探索创造一个学习环境,在这个环境中,生物工程学生被激励通过与客户合作来了解O&P领域,以调查他们未满足的假肢需求并发明新的解决方案。将计算机辅助设计和3D打印作为关键使能技术。每个学生团队都为有肢体差异的人制作了一个单独设计和安装的设备,用于特定应用。学生的反馈是积极的,几位接受者表达了对O&P领域以及与实际患者合作的机会的热情。几名学生表达了他们对在该领域从事职业的新兴趣。我们相信这种课程可以在许多举办O&P研究生课程的机构中实施,提高对专业的认识,吸引更多更好的准备申请人。
    There is a current need to increase recruitment in orthotics and prosthetics, and a promising approach is to increase awareness, interest and cross-disciplinary engagement in O&P among students of allied disciplines such as bioengineering. We describe a new interdisciplinary course we jointly developed at the University of Pittsburgh and deployed for the first time in the spring of 2023. The course was built on core foci of human-centered design, design thinking, experiential learning, 3D printing, creative problem-solving and prototyping. We leveraged a real-world project-based learning approach that included early and ongoing involvement of student teams with clients who used prosthetics. We explored creating a learning environment in which bioengineering students were motivated to learn about the O&P field by partnering with clients to investigate their unmet prosthetic needs and invent new solutions, with computer-aided design and 3D printing as key enabling technologies. Each student team produced an individually designed and fitted device for a specific application for a person with limb difference. Student feedback was positive throughout with several recipients expressing enthusiasm about the field of O&P and about the opportunity to work with actual patients. Several students stated their new-found interest in pursuing a career in the field. We believe that this sort of class offering could be implemented in many institutions that host O&P graduate programs, to raise awareness of the profession and attract more and better prepared applicants.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    背景:创新教育计划可以通过许多步骤来帮助指导和授权外科医生和外科学员,以分析和降低新想法的风险,从而影响医疗保健或护理服务。提供高质量的编程,有利于外科医生的繁忙的时间表是一个持续的挑战,但对于外科手术学员的时间表更是如此。通过需求评估和应用精益原则,创建了“外科培训生敏捷创新和实施”(STAIR)框架,以鼓励外科培训生参与创新计划。
    目的:许多工作探索了学习经验的设计和开发,以支持医师创新者。然而,缺乏支持框架的证据,这些框架有助于外科学员的创新授权,作为临床实践需求的补充.以下目录是针对具有原始创新思想的外科住院医师量身定制的新颖创新和发现敏捷框架的系统设计和开发。
    方法:旨在实施“外科培训生敏捷创新和实施”(STAIR)的课程由密歇根大学外科系资助。这是一个为期8周的基于团队的创新课程,旨在让外科住院医师学习并将基本的创新概念应用于临床问题。
    在主办机构的所有项目的外科学员都有资格参加。共有四个创新团队被选中参加首届课程。
    结论:本课程新颖的教学设计和开发鼓励参与外科创新计划。该课程有助于创新思想的发展,并激发了外科学员对创新的兴趣。STAIR框架是激发和促进外科学员创新的典范,提升专业经验。
    BACKGROUND: Innovation education programs can help guide and empower surgeons and surgical trainees through the many steps to analyze and de-risk novel ideas to impact healthcare or care delivery. Providing quality programming that is conducive to a surgeon\'s busy schedule is an ongoing challenge, but even more so for a surgical trainees\' schedule. Through a needs assessment and applying lean principles, the \"Surgical Trainee Agile Innovation and empoweRment\" (STAIR) framework was created to encourage surgical trainees to participate in innovation programming.
    OBJECTIVE: Numerous works have explored the design and development of learning experiences to support physician innovators. However, there is a lack of evidence supporting frameworks that contribute to innovation empowerment for surgical trainees as a complement to the demands of clinical practice. The following catalogs the systematic design and development of a novel innovation and discovery agile framework tailored to surgical residents with original innovation ideas.
    METHODS: The course designed to implement the \"Surgical Trainee Agile Innovation and empoweRment\" (STAIR) is funded through the Department of Surgery at the University of Michigan. It is an 8-week team-based innovation course designed for surgical residents to learn and apply fundamental innovation concepts to clinical problems.
    UNASSIGNED: Surgical trainees in all programs at the host institution are all eligible to participate. A total of four innovation teams were selected to participate in inaugural course.
    CONCLUSIONS: The novel instructional design and development of this course encouraged participation in surgical innovation programming. The course aided the development of innovative ideas and inspired interest in innovation among surgical trainees. The STAIR framework is exemplary for inspiring and facilitating innovation among surgical trainees, enhancing the professional experience.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    随着用于分析数据独立采集(DIA)数据的方法和仪器的使用和多样性的增加,可视化对于验证自动化软件结果变得越来越重要。这里我们介绍MassDash,跨平台DIA质谱可视化和验证软件,用于比较流行工具的特征和结果。MassDash提供基于Web的界面和Python包,用于跨多个自动化DIA功能检测工具的交互式功能可视化和摘要报告图。包括OpenSwath,DIA-NN,和dreamDIA此外,MassDash在飞行中处理肽,在个人计算机上同时实现数十次运行的肽的交互式可视化。MassDash支持跨保留时间的各种多维可视化,离子迁移率,m/z,和强度,提供对数据的更多见解。模块化框架易于扩展,能够快速开发新型峰值选择器技术的算法,例如基于深度学习的方法和对现有工具的改进。MassDash是BSD3-Clause许可下的开源软件,可在https://github.com/Roestlab/massdash上免费获得,和演示版本可以访问https://massdash。流光。app。
    With the increased usage and diversity of methods and instruments being applied to analyze Data-Independent Acquisition (DIA) data, visualization is becoming increasingly important to validate automated software results. Here we present MassDash, a cross-platform DIA mass spectrometry visualization and validation software for comparing features and results across popular tools. MassDash provides a web-based interface and Python package for interactive feature visualizations and summary report plots across multiple automated DIA feature detection tools, including OpenSwath, DIA-NN, and dreamDIA. Furthermore, MassDash processes peptides on the fly, enabling interactive visualization of peptides across dozens of runs simultaneously on a personal computer. MassDash supports various multidimensional visualizations across retention time, ion mobility, m/z, and intensity, providing additional insights into the data. The modular framework is easily extendable, enabling rapid algorithm development of novel peak-picker techniques, such as deep-learning-based approaches and refinement of existing tools. MassDash is open-source under a BSD 3-Clause license and freely available at https://github.com/Roestlab/massdash, and a demo version can be accessed at https://massdash.streamlit.app.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    软光刻技术长期以来一直是现有技术的状态,以产生用于模制微流体(MF)芯片的必要的微图案化。先前尝试使用印刷电路板(PCB)作为昂贵的平版印刷模具的廉价和可获得的替代品,用于生产PDMSMF芯片原型,已显示出其局限性。本文首次报道了使用PCB作为模具基板的更深入的探索以及使用柔性PCB生产高精度MF芯片的新颖方法。横截面突出了该方法的改进精度,并且进行剥离测试以证明玻璃基材与PDMS铸件之间的合适粘附力。阳性细胞生长活力展示了这种新方法作为一种高精度,高可达性,用于微流体芯片的低成本原型制造方法,同时仍然保持由PDMS材料提供的所有有利性质。
    Soft lithography has long remained the state of the art to generate the necessary micropatterning for molded microfluidic (MF) chips. Previous attempts to use printed circuit boards (PCBs) as a cheap and accessible alternative to expensive lithographed molds for the production of PDMS MF chip prototypes have shown their limitations. A more in-depth exploration of using PCBs as a mold substrate and a novel methodology of using flexible PCBs to produce highly accurate MF chips is reported here for the first time. Cross sections highlight the improved accuracy of this method, and peel testing is performed to demonstrate suitable adhesion between the glass substrate and PDMS cast. Positive cell growth viability showcases this novel method as a high-accuracy, high-accessibility, low-cost prototyping method for microfluidic chips while still maintaining all favorable properties provided by the PDMS material.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    传统上,人造牙齿排列或确定的全口义齿用于建立重要的修复参数,如咬合面方向,垂直尺寸,和切缘位置。通常使用诸如双扫描技术之类的高级计划协议来评估这些元件与底层骨结构的关系。本技术文章提出了一种简单的替代方法,可以使用3D打印的壳式全口义齿在口腔内建立这些参数。
    Traditionally, artificial teeth arrangements or the definitive complete dentures are used to establish important prosthodontic parameters such as the occlusal plane orientation, vertical dimension, and the incisal edge position. The relationship of these elements with the underlying bony structures is commonly evaluated using advanced planning protocols such as the dual scan technique. This technique article presents an uncomplicated alternative approach to establish these parameters intraorally using a 3D-printed shell complete denture generated from a 3D scan of the patient\'s existing complete denture.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    IDEAChallenge2022原型设计数据集总共包含240个原型条目,具有1049个边缘(连接),可以提供对原型设计实践的宝贵见解。提供开发原型策略和为未来研究生成假设所必需的实用知识。数据是使用Pro2booth收集的-一个在线平台,可捕获有关原型和参与团队的开发过程的全面信息,包括关于创作者的细节,目的,定时,和创造方法。它与设计研究人员特别相关,工程和设计专业的学生,教育工作者,和行业专业人士寻求提高他们的原型设计技能和策略。它为后续研究奠定了坚实的基础,允许比较分析,假设验证,和趋势探索。它也有可能在类似的设计方案中提供元分析信息,提供对原型制作过程的全面了解。
    The IDEA Challenge 2022 prototyping dataset comprises a total of 240 prototype entries with 1049 edges (connections) and can provide valuable insights into prototyping practices, offering practical knowledge essential for developing prototyping strategies and generating hypotheses for future studies. Data were collected using Pro2booth - an online platform which captured comprehensive information about prototypes and participating teams\' development process, including details about the creators, purpose, timing, and methods of creation. It is particularly relevant to design researchers, engineering and design students, educators, and industry professionals seeking to enhance their prototyping skills and strategies. It serves as a robust foundation for subsequent studies, allowing for comparative analyses, hypothesis verification, and trend exploration. It also has the potential to inform meta-analyses across similar design scenarios, providing a comprehensive understanding of prototyping processes.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    TrollLabsOpen数据集包括全面的信息,这些信息提供了人类参与者和创成式AI在黑客马拉松活动期间的设计实践和结果的比较。该数据集是通过运行原型黑客马拉松来策划的,该原型旨在评估生成AI的能力和性能。特别是ChatGPT,在工程设计的早期阶段。这项评估涉及将ChatGPT的表现与在黑客马拉松环境中经验丰富的工程专业学生的表现进行比较,参与者通过制作尽可能发射NERF飞镖的原型进行竞争。在这个设置中,所有的想法,概念,战略,人工智能控制团队采取的行动是由ChatGPT自主产生的,在没有人为干预或指导的情况下,但由两名参与者实施。五个自我指导的基线团队与AI团队竞争。该数据集包括116个原型条目和433个边缘(连接),可以对由生成AI指导的团队和经验丰富的工程设计学生的基线团队之间的设计实践和性能进行比较分析。原型及其属性数据是使用Pro2booth捕获的,在参与者的手机和计算机上运行的在线原型捕获平台。该数据集包括ChatGPT与负责实施其建议的团队之间的对话记录,有97次交流提示和回应。它包含用于指示AI的初始提示,黑客马拉松的目标和规则以及团队的客观表现,显示ChatGPT团队在六支球队中排名第二。就作者所知,TrollLabsOpen数据集是第一个也是唯一一个在工程设计环境中直接将生成AI与人类团队的性能进行比较的开放资源。因此,它旨在成为设计研究人员的宝贵资源,工程和设计专业的学生,教育工作者,和行业专业人士寻求在其设计过程中实施生成AI工具的策略。通过提供全面的数据收集,该数据集使外部研究人员能够进行深入的分析,以突出将生成AI集成到设计实践中的实际意义,可能会提供其局限性的概述,并提出改进设计过程中集成的建议。
    The TrollLabs Open dataset includes comprehensive information that offers a comparison of design practices and outcomes between human participants and Generative AI during a hackathon event. The dataset was curated through the running of a prototyping hackathon designed to assess the abilities and performance of generative AI, specifically ChatGPT, in the early stages of engineering design. This assessment involved comparing ChatGPT\'s performance to that of experienced engineering students in a hackathon setting, where participants competed by making a prototype that fires a NERF dart as far as possible. In this setup, all ideas, concepts, strategies, and actions undertaken by the AI-controlled team were autonomously generated by the ChatGPT, without human intervention or guidance, but implemented by two participants. Five self-directed baseline teams competed against the AI team. The dataset comprises 116 prototype entries and 433 edges (connection) that enable comparative analysis of design practices and performance between the team instructed solely by generative AI and baseline teams of experienced engineering design students. Prototypes and their attribute data were captured using Pro2booth, an online prototype capture platform running on participants\' phones and computers. The dataset includes a transcript of the conversation between ChatGPT and the team responsible for implementing its recommendations, featuring 97 exchanges of prompts and responses. It contains the initial prompt used to instruct the AI, the objective and rules of the hackathon and the objective performance of teams, showing the ChatGPT team finishing 2nd among six teams. To the authors\' knowledge, the TrollLabs Open dataset is the first and only open resource that directly compares the performance of generative AI with human teams in an engineering design context. Thus, it is intended to be a valuable resource to design researchers, engineering and design students, educators, and industry professionals seeking to find strategies for implementing generative AI tools in their design processes. By offering a comprehensive data collection, the dataset enables external researchers to conduct in-depth analyses that could highlight the practical implications of integrating generative AI in design practices, possibly providing an overview of its limitations and presenting recommendations for improved integration in the design process.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    本文提出了一种基于透明和粘合剂膜的封闭和密封方法,用于基于洁净室的开放式微流体装置。本文介绍了市售的聚酯柔性膜,称为Microseal\'B\',作为开放形式的微流体装置的覆盖密封。这种膜适用于高工作温度并且是生物相容的。通过泄漏测试对密封膜的质量进行了调查,荧光测试,和接触角测量。调查显示它的密封强度,荧光检测兼容性,和表面润湿性。发现3D打印装置上的所提出的密封聚酯膜可以在4mL/min的流速下维持2.7atm的表压而没有任何泄漏。对于5μm和15μm的粒径,它还提供了荧光检测兼容性和2.3至4.5范围内的强度背景比,分别,与其他密封材料的性能相当。该膜的疏水性与微流体中使用的其他聚合物相当。本文最后展示了这种透明顶部在用于液滴生成和流体混合的经典微流体设备中的一些应用,为了证明这种制造技术在芯片实验室器件中的前景。
    A transparent and adhesive film-based enclosing and sealing method is here presented for out-of-cleanroom-based open-form microfluidic devices. The commercially available polyester flexible film known as Microseal \'B\' is presented in this paper as a cover seal for open-form microfluidic devices. This film is adaptable to high working temperatures and is biocompatible. The quality of the sealing film was investigated by leak tests, fluorescence tests, and contact angle measurements. The investigations revealed its sealing strength, fluorescence detection compatibility, and surface wettability. It was found that the proposed sealing polyester film on the 3D-printed device could sustain a gauge pressure of 2.7 atm at a flow rate of 4 mL/min without any leaks. It also provided fluorescence detection compatibility and an intensity-to-background ratio in the range of 2.3 to 4.5 for particle sizes of 5 μm and 15 μm, respectively, which is comparable with the performances of other sealing materials. The film\'s hydrophobicity is comparable to other polymers used in microfluidics. This paper concludes by showcasing some applications of such transparent tops in classical microfluidic devices used for droplet generation and fluid mixing, in order to demonstrate the prospects of this fabrication technique in lab-on-a-chip devices.
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