在季节性动态中研究了在鸟源性影响下温带森林土壤中可培养的酵母群落。为了调查强烈的鸟源性影响,使用了传统的和“活的”喂食器,它们附着在森林中的树木上,全年不断补充。已发现,与其他季节相比,在强烈的鸟源性影响下,土壤中的酵母丰度在冬季达到最高值,达到4.8lg(cfu/g)。这几乎比夏季确定的鸟源性土壤中酵母丰度的最小值高出一个数量级。共有44种酵母,21个子囊菌和23个担子菌,在一年中在鸟源性土壤样品中检测到。其中包括与土壤有关的物种(加州Barnettozyma,Cyberlindneramisumaiensis,莫尼利形克氏,Goffeauzymagacstra,粘膜Holtermanniella,肌白孢子虫,L.yakuticum,Naganishiaadeliensis,N.Albidosimiis,N.globosa,Tausoniapullulans,和Vanrijaalbida),eurybionts(酵母样真菌出芽梭菌,汉森德巴酵母,和粘液红斑),植物基质和凋落物的居民(头球囊,Cys.inirmominiatum,Cys.macerans,马氏原纤,Hanseniassporauvarum,Metschnikowiapulcherrima,和Rh。babjevae)以及一组致病性和机会性酵母物种(Arxiozymabovina,白色念珠菌,C.近平滑,C.热带,lusitaniae,和光亮纳酵母)。在鸟源性影响下,与对照相比,土壤酵母的多样性更高,证实了酵母在温带森林土壤中的分布不均及其对自然宿主和媒介的依赖。有趣的是,冬季(表土温度低于零时)鸟源性土壤中的绝对优势物种是担子菌精神耐受酵母。它经常在不同地理区域的各种土壤中观察到。筛选该物种的50个菌株在不同温度(2、4、10、15和20°C)下的水解活性表明,酯酶的活性,在培养温度下,脂肪酶和蛋白酶明显更高。鸟源性土壤可能是相对容易地分离大量精神耐受酵母T.pulululans菌株进行测试的来源,研究和优化他们的潜力,为工业生产冷适应酶。
The culturable yeast communities in temperate forest soils under the ornithogenic influence were studied in a seasonal dynamic. To investigate the intense ornithogenic influence, conventional and \"live\" feeders were used, which were attached to trees in the forest and constantly replenished throughout the year. It was found that the yeast abundance in the soil under strong ornithogenic influence reached the highest values in winter compared to the other seasons and amounted to 4.8 lg (cfu/g). This was almost an order of magnitude higher than the minimum value of yeast abundance in ornithogenic soils determined for summer. A total of 44 yeast species, 21 ascomycetes and 23 basidiomycetes, were detected in ornithogenic soil samples during the year. These included soil-related species (Barnettozyma californica, Cyberlindnera misumaiensis, Cutaneotrichosporon moniliiforme, Goffeauzyma gastrica, Holtermanniella festucosa, Leucosporidium creatinivorum, L. yakuticum, Naganishia adeliensis, N. albidosimilis, N. globosa, Tausonia pullulans, and Vanrija albida), eurybionts (yeast-like fungus Aureobasidium pullulans, Debaryomyces hansenii, and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa), inhabitants of plant substrates and litter (Cystofilobasidium capitatum, Cys. infirmominiatum, Cys. macerans, Filobasidium magnum, Hanseniaspora uvarum, Metschnikowia pulcherrima, and Rh. babjevae) as well as a group of pathogenic and opportunistic yeast species (Arxiozyma bovina, Candida albicans, C. parapsilosis, C. tropicalis, Clavispora lusitaniae, and Nakaseomyces glabratus). Under an ornithogenic influence, the diversity of soil yeasts was higher compared to the control, confirming the uneven distribution of yeasts in temperate forest soils and their dependence on natural hosts and vectors. Interestingly, the absolute dominant species in ornithogenic soils in winter (when the topsoil temperature was below zero) was the basidiomycetous psychrotolerant yeast T. pullulans. It is regularly observed in various soils in different geographical regions. Screening of the hydrolytic activity of 50 strains of this species at different temperatures (2, 4, 10, 15 and 20 °C) showed that the activity of esterases, lipases and
proteases was significantly higher at the cultivation temperature. Ornithogenic soils could be a source for the relatively easy isolation of a large number of strains of the psychrotolerant yeast T. pullulans to test, study and optimize their potential for the production of cold-adapted enzymes for industry.