结论:\'锡金原始\'玉米地方品种,独特的多生(每株植物7-9耳)在分枝和花序相关基因中具有独特的基因组结构,编码糖基转移酶的Zm00001eb365210基因座被鉴定为QTL(qProl-SP-8.05)潜在的推定候选基因。该基因型在育种高产婴儿玉米基因型中具有巨大的用途。“锡金原始人”是喜马拉雅山东北部的本土品种,其特征在于,与正常玉米中的1-2个穗相比,每株植物具有7-9个穗。尽管“锡金原始人”是在1960年代被确定的,它还没有在全基因组尺度上进行表征。这里,我们对来自“锡金原始”的近交系(MGUSP101)的整个基因组以及三个非多产(HKI1128,UMI1200和HKI1105)和三个多产(CM150Q,CM151Q和HKI323)近交系。共有942,417个SNP,24,160插入,在“锡金原语”中发现了27,600个缺失。“锡金原语”中的基因特异性功能突变被分类为10,847个错义(54.36%),402无感(2.015%),和8,705个沉默(43.625%)突变。“锡金原语”特有的转换和变性的数量分别为666,021和279,950。在所有基础变化中,(G至A)是最常见的(215,772),而(C到G)是最罕见的(22,520)。参与果胶生物合成的聚半乳糖醛酸4-α-半乳糖醛酸转移酶,细胞壁组织,核苷酸糖,发现氨基糖代谢在“锡金原语”中具有独特的等位基因。分析进一步揭示了编码糖基转移酶的Zm00001eb365210基因是“SikkimPrimitive”中潜在的QTL(qProl-SP-8.05)的推定候选基因。在ramosa3(Zm00001eb327910)和玉米黄质环氧酶1(Zm00001eb081460)基因中发现了高影响的核苷酸变异,这些基因在“SikkimPrimitive”中的分支和花序发育中起作用。产生的信息揭示了遗传结构,并确定了“锡金原始基因组”特有的关键基因/等位基因。这是有关“锡金原始”地方品种的全基因组表征的第一份报告,该品种以其高繁殖力而独特。
CONCLUSIONS: \'Sikkim Primitive\' maize landrace, unique for
prolificacy (7-9 ears per plant) possesses unique genomic architecture in branching and inflorescence-related gene(s), and locus Zm00001eb365210 encoding glycosyltransferases was identified as the putative candidate gene underlying QTL (qProl-SP-8.05) for
prolificacy. The genotype possesses immense usage in breeding high-yielding baby-corn genotypes. \'Sikkim Primitive\' is a native landrace of North Eastern Himalayas, and is characterized by having 7-9 ears per plant compared to 1-2 ears in normal maize. Though \'Sikkim Primitive\' was identified in the 1960s, it has not been characterized at a whole-genome scale. Here, we sequenced the entire genome of an inbred (MGUSP101) derived from \'Sikkim Primitive\' along with three non-prolific (HKI1128, UMI1200, and HKI1105) and three prolific (CM150Q, CM151Q and HKI323) inbreds. A total of 942,417 SNPs, 24,160 insertions, and 27,600 deletions were identified in \'Sikkim Primitive\'. The gene-specific functional mutations in \'Sikkim Primitive\' were classified as 10,847 missense (54.36%), 402 non-sense (2.015%), and 8,705 silent (43.625%) mutations. The number of transitions and transversions specific to \'Sikkim Primitive\' were 666,021 and 279,950, respectively. Among all base changes, (G to A) was the most frequent (215,772), while (C to G) was the rarest (22,520). Polygalacturonate 4-α-galacturonosyltransferase enzyme involved in pectin biosynthesis, cell-wall organization, nucleotide sugar, and amino-sugar metabolism was found to have unique alleles in \'Sikkim Primitive\'. The analysis further revealed the Zm00001eb365210 gene encoding glycosyltransferases as the putative candidate underlying QTL (qProl-SP-8.05) for
prolificacy in \'Sikkim Primitive\'. High-impact nucleotide variations were found in ramosa3 (Zm00001eb327910) and zeaxanthin epoxidase1 (Zm00001eb081460) genes having a role in branching and inflorescence development in \'Sikkim Primitive\'. The information generated unraveled the genetic architecture and identified key genes/alleles unique to the \'Sikkim Primitive\' genome. This is the first report of whole-genome characterization of the \'Sikkim Primitive\' landrace unique for its high
prolificacy.