集群定期间隔短回文重复(CRISPR)/Cas9系统,基因工程的突破性创新,彻底改变了我们克服复杂疾病的方法,最终获得CASGEVY™批准用于镰状细胞性贫血。来源于微生物免疫防御机制,CRISPR/Cas9,以精确度为特征,基因编辑的可操作性和普遍性,已被用作精确操纵哺乳动物DNA的通用工具。在将其应用于实践的过程中,新的直系同源物和变体的连续开发永远不会停止。它有助于了解疾病的本质,特别是癌症,这对诊断至关重要,预防,和治疗。CRISPR/Cas9不仅用于研究肿瘤基因的功能,还用于模拟不同的癌症。提供对肿瘤生物学有价值的见解,阻力,和免疫逃避。在癌症治疗中,CRISPR/Cas9有助于开发单独和精确的癌症疗法,可以选择性地激活或失活肿瘤细胞内的基因。旨在削弱肿瘤的生长和侵袭,并使癌细胞对治疗敏感。此外,它促进了创新治疗的发展,提高重编程免疫细胞的靶向效率,以CAR-T方案的进展为例。除了治疗,它是筛选易感基因的有力工具,提供了在肿瘤主动或进展之前进行干预的可能性。然而,尽管潜力巨大,CRISPR/Cas9在癌症研究和治疗中的应用伴随着显著的疗效,效率,技术,和安全考虑。需要不断升级的技术创新来解决这些问题。CRISPR/Cas9系统正在彻底改变癌症研究和治疗,为我们对癌症的理解和管理开辟了新的途径。将这种不断发展的技术整合到临床实践中,有望开创精准肿瘤学的新时代。有针对性的,个性化,和癌症患者的潜在治愈疗法。
The Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeat (CRISPR)/Cas9 system, a groundbreaking innovation in genetic engineering, has revolutionized our approach to surmounting complex diseases, culminating in CASGEVY™ approved for sickle cell anemia. Derived from a microbial immune defense mechanism, CRISPR/Cas9, characterized as precision, maneuverability and universality in gene editing, has been harnessed as a versatile tool for precisely manipulating DNA in mammals. In the process of applying it to practice, the consecutive exploitation of novel orthologs and variants never ceases. It\'s conducive to understanding the essentialities of diseases, particularly cancer, which is crucial for diagnosis, prevention, and treatment. CRISPR/Cas9 is used not only to investigate tumorous genes functioning but also to model disparate cancers, providing valuable insights into tumor biology, resistance, and immune evasion. Upon cancer therapy, CRISPR/Cas9 is instrumental in developing individual and precise cancer therapies that can selectively activate or deactivate genes within tumor cells, aiming to cripple tumor growth and invasion and sensitize cancer cells to treatments. Furthermore, it facilitates the development of innovative treatments, enhancing the targeting efficiency of reprogrammed immune cells, exemplified by advancements in CAR-T regimen. Beyond therapy, it is a potent tool for screening susceptible genes, offering the possibility of intervening before the tumor initiative or progresses. However, despite its vast potential, the application of CRISPR/Cas9 in cancer research and therapy is accompanied by significant efficacy, efficiency, technical, and safety considerations. Escalating technology innovations are warranted to address these issues. The CRISPR/Cas9 system is revolutionizing cancer research and treatment, opening up new avenues for advancements in our understanding and management of cancers. The integration of this evolving technology into clinical practice promises a new era of precision oncology, with targeted, personalized, and potentially curative therapies for cancer patients.