背景:在巴基斯坦,绝经后女性乳腺癌患者的死亡率很高,原因是发现较晚,并且延迟转诊至适当的治疗机构.关于巴基斯坦的流行病学和乳腺癌危险因素有一些报道。有与乳腺癌发展相关的可改变和不可改变的危险因素;其中体重指数(BMI),中心性肥胖,和血脂谱被认为是主要的风险标志物。
方法:这是一项横断面分析研究。共有384名妇女构成本研究样本。在整个研究过程中,目的抽样用于收集192例确诊的新乳腺癌病例。通过使用基本随机抽样,选择了相同数量的对照.研究的参数包括年龄,空腹血糖,胆固醇,甘油三酯,血清高密度脂蛋白,胆固醇,血清低密度脂蛋白胆固醇,体重,高度,BMI,腰围,和腰臀比.这项研究的纳入标准是巴基斯坦的绝经后妇女(45-65岁)。乳腺癌的确认是通过组织病理学进行的。乳腺癌发生率被视为因变量,而BMI,中心性肥胖,和血脂谱作为独立变量。
结果:研究了危险因素(胆固醇,BMI,和中心性肥胖)与乳腺癌显着相关。胆固醇与乳腺癌呈显著正相关(0.646)。BMI与乳腺癌呈正相关(0.491),中心性肥胖与乳腺癌的相关性较低,但呈正相关(0.266)。此外,二元logistic回归模型还显示生化因素与乳腺癌发生之间存在显著关联.回归分析描述了因变量(乳腺癌发生)和自变量(中心性肥胖、胆固醇,BMI)。
结论:绝经后超重(中心性肥胖),增加的BMI和高胆固醇水平是乳腺癌的主要危险因素。此外,高总胆固醇被证明是巴基斯坦绝经后妇女发生乳腺癌的最重要风险标志。
In Pakistan, the death rate for post-menopausal women with breast cancer is significant due to late detection and delayed referral to proper facilities. There are a few reports on Pakistan\'s epidemiology and breast cancer risk factors. There are modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors associated with the development of breast carcinoma; of which body mass index (BMI), central obesity, and lipid profile are considered as major risk markers.
This was a cross-sectional analytical study. A total of 384 women constituted the present study sample. Purposive sampling was used to collect 192 confirmed new breast cancer cases throughout the study. By using basic random sampling, an equal number of controls were chosen. Studied parameters included age, fasting blood sugar, cholesterol, triglyceride, serum high-density lipoprotein, cholesterol, serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, weight, height, BMI, waist circumference, and waist-to-hip ratio. The inclusion criteria of this study were post-menopausal women (45-65 years) in Pakistan. The confirmation of breast carcinoma was done through histopathology. Breast cancer occurrence was taken as a dependent variable, whereas BMI, central obesity, and lipid profile were taken as independent variables.
Studied risk factors (cholesterol, BMI, and central obesity) significantly correlated with breast cancer. Cholesterol has a significantly high positive correlation (0.646) with breast cancer. BMI has a positive significant correlation (0.491) with breast cancer, and central obesity has a low but positive significant correlation (0.266) with breast cancer. Moreover, the binary logistic regression model also showed a significant association between biochemical factors and breast cancer occurrence. Regression analysis depicted a linear relationship between a dependent variable (breast cancer occurrence) and independent variables (central obesity, cholesterol, BMI).
Postmenopausal overweight (central obesity), increased BMI and high cholesterol levels are major risk factors for breast cancer. Moreover, high total cholesterol proved to be the most significant risk marker for the occurrence of breast cancer in post-menopausal women of Pakistan.