近年来,聚苯并恶嗪气凝胶已成为各种应用的有前途的材料。然而,在制备过程中,危险溶剂的普遍使用阻碍了它们的全部潜力,这带来了重大的环境和安全问题。鉴于此,迫切需要探索可以减轻这些问题并推动聚苯并恶嗪气凝胶的实际利用的替代方法。为了应对这一挑战,设计了一种新的方法,涉及从聚苯并恶嗪合成杂原子自掺杂的介孔碳。这个过程利用丁香酚,硬脂胺,和甲醛来制造聚苯并恶嗪前体,随后用乙醇作为更安全的溶剂处理。值得注意的是,在这种方法中引入硼酸有双重目的:它不仅有利于微观结构调节,而且通过聚苯并恶嗪链之间形成分子间桥接结构来增强材料的主链强度。此外,这种方法允许环境压力干燥,进一步增强其实用性和环境友好性。所得的碳材料,指定为ESC-N和ESC-G,表现出鲜明的特点。ESC-N,来自煅烧,拥有289m2g-1的表面积,而ESC-G,来自气凝胶,拥有673m2g-1的显着更高的表面积。此外,ESC-G的孔径分布范围为5至25nm,使其非常适合电化学应用,如超级电容器。在电化学性能方面,ESC-G显示出非凡的潜力。在0.5Ag-1的电流密度下,比电容为151Fg-1,与ESC-N相比,它具有出色的储能能力。此外,在20mVs-1的低电压扫描速率下,ESC-G在其循环伏安图中显示出更明显的矩形形状,表明电化学可逆性增强。两种碳的阻抗谱证实了这些发现,进一步验证了ESC-G的优越性能。此外,ESC-G具有优异的循环稳定性,保持其电化学性能,即使经过5000次连续充放电循环。这种鲁棒性强调了其在超级电容器中的长期应用的适用性,重申杂原子掺杂的聚苯并恶嗪气凝胶作为传统碳材料的可持续替代品的可行性。
In recent years, polybenzoxazine aerogels have emerged as promising materials for various applications. However, their full potential has been hindered by the prevalent use of hazardous solvents during the preparation process, which poses significant environmental and safety concerns. In light of this, there is a pressing need to explore alternative methods that can mitigate these issues and propel the practical utilization of polybenzoxazine aerogels. To address this challenge, a novel approach involving the synthesis of heteroatom self-doped mesoporous carbon from polybenzoxazine has been devised. This process utilizes eugenol, stearyl amine, and formaldehyde to create the polybenzoxazine precursor, which is subsequently treated with ethanol as a safer solvent. Notably, the incorporation of boric acid in this method serves a dual purpose: it not only facilitates microstructural regulation but also reinforces the backbone strength of the material through the formation of intermolecular bridged structures between polybenzoxazine chains. Moreover, this approach allows ambient pressure drying, further enhancing its practicability and environmental friendliness. The resultant carbon materials, designated as ESC-N and ESC-G, exhibit distinct characteristics. ESC-N, derived from calcination, possesses a surface area of 289 m2 g-1, while ESC-G, derived from the aerogel, boasts a significantly higher surface area of 673 m2 g-1. Furthermore, ESC-G features a pore size distribution ranging from 5 to 25 nm, rendering it well suited for electrochemical applications such as supercapacitors. In terms of electrochemical performance, ESC-G demonstrates exceptional potential. With a specific capacitance of 151 F g-1 at a current density of 0.5 A g-1, it exhibits superior energy storage capabilities compared with ESC-N. Additionally, ESC-G displayed a more pronounced rectangular shape in its cyclic voltammogram at a low voltage scanning rate of 20 mV s-1, indicative of enhanced electrochemical reversibility. The impedance spectra of both carbon types corroborated these findings, further validating the superior performance of ESC-G. Furthermore, ESC-G exhibits excellent cycling stability, retaining its electrochemical properties even after 5000 continuous charge-discharge cycles. This robustness underscores its suitability for long-term applications in supercapacitors, reaffirming the viability of heteroatom-doped polybenzoxazine aerogels as a sustainable alternative to traditional carbon materials.