背景:性能不佳是赛马的多因素综合症,通常与亚临床疾病相关,可以通过运动测试来诊断。
目的:描述与跛行无关的标准品系表现不佳的医学原因的普遍性,并评估它们与通过运动跑步机测试测量的健身变量的关系。
方法:医院259名非跛脚的标准猪蹄因表现不佳而被推荐。
方法:对马的医疗记录进行回顾性分析。马接受了包括静息检查在内的诊断方案,血浆乳酸浓度,连续心电图和适应性变量评估的跑步机测试,肌酸激酶活性,跑步机内窥镜检查,运动后气管支气管镜检查,支气管肺泡灌洗(BAL),和胃镜检查。评估了不同疾病的患病率,包括心律失常,运动性肌病,动态上呼吸道阻塞(DUAO),运动性肺出血(EIPH),中度马哮喘(MEA),胃溃疡(EGUS)。单独并使用多变量模型研究了这些疾病与适应度变量的关联。
结果:中度马哮喘和EGUS是最常见的疾病,其次是EIPH,DUAO,心律失常,和劳累性肌病。含铁血黄素评分与BAL中性粒细胞呈正相关,嗜酸性粒细胞,和肥大细胞;肌酸激酶活性增加与BAL中性粒细胞增多有关,DUAO,过早的复合物,和鳞状胃病。在血浆乳酸浓度为4mmol/L和心率为每分钟200次的情况下,跑步机速度受到BAL嗜中性粒细胞的负面影响,多个DUAO,运动性肌病,和鳞状胃病。
结论:确认了性能差的多因素性质,与MEA,DUAO,肌病和EGUS代表与健身障碍有关的主要疾病。
BACKGROUND: Poor performance is a multifactorial syndrome of racehorses, commonly associated with subclinical disorders, which can be diagnosed by exercise testing.
OBJECTIVE: Describe the prevalence of medical causes of poor performance in Standardbreds unassociated with lameness, and evaluate their relationships with fitness variables measured by exercise treadmill test.
METHODS: Hospital population of 259 nonlame Standardbred trotters referred for poor performance.
METHODS: The horses\' medical records were retrospectively reviewed. Horses underwent a diagnostic protocol including resting examination, plasma lactate concentration, treadmill test with continuous ECG and assessment of fitness variables, creatine kinase activity, treadmill endoscopy, postexercise tracheobronchoscopy, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), and gastroscopy. The prevalence of different disorders was evaluated, including cardiac arrhythmias, exertional myopathies, dynamic upper airway obstructions (DUAOs), exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage (EIPH), moderate equine asthma (MEA), and gastric ulcers (EGUS). The associations of these disorders with fitness variables were investigated individually and using multivariable models.
RESULTS: Moderate equine asthma and EGUS were the most common disorders, followed by EIPH, DUAOs, cardiac arrhythmias, and exertional myopathies. Hemosiderin score was positively correlated with BAL neutrophils, eosinophils, and mast cells; increased creatine kinase activity was associated with BAL neutrophilia, DUAOs, premature complexes, and squamous gastric disease. Treadmill velocity at a plasma lactate concentration of 4 mmol/L and at heart rate of 200 beats per minute was negatively affected by BAL neutrophilia, multiple DUAOs, exertional myopathies, and squamous gastric disease.
CONCLUSIONS: The multifactorial nature of poor performance was confirmed, with MEA, DUAOs, myopathies and EGUS representing the main diseases involved in fitness impairment.