树枝状聚合物是一类具有高度支化结构的聚合物,定义明确的组成,和广泛的功能组,在生物医学应用中引起了极大的关注。由树枝状聚合物形成的胶束是用于递送抗癌剂的理想纳米载体,由于对其粒径特性的明确研究,charge,和生物特性,如毒性,血液循环时间,生物分布,和细胞内化。这里,分类,准备,综述了树枝状聚合物胶束的结构,以及在树枝状聚合物表面修饰的特定官能团,用于肿瘤的主动靶向,刺激反应性药物释放,降低毒性,并对延长血液循环时间进行了讨论。此外,它们的应用被总结为与癌症治疗相关的生物医学应用的各种平台,包括药物递送,基因转染,成像的纳米对比度,和联合治疗。还涉及组织工程和生物传感器等其他应用。最后,讨论了树枝状分子胶束进一步应用的可能挑战和前景。
Dendrimers are a family of polymers with highly branched structure, well-defined composition, and extensive functional groups, which have attracted great attention in biomedical applications. Micelles formed by dendrimers are ideal nanocarriers for delivering anticancer agents due to the explicit study of their characteristics of particle size, charge, and biological properties such as toxicity, blood circulation time, biodistribution, and cellular internalization. Here, the classification, preparation, and structure of dendrimer micelles are reviewed, and the specific functional groups modified on the surface of dendrimers for tumor active targeting, stimuli-responsive drug release, reduced toxicity, and prolonged blood circulation time are discussed. In addition, their applications are summarized as various platforms for biomedical applications related to cancer therapy including drug delivery, gene transfection, nano-contrast for imaging, and combined therapy. Other applications such as tissue engineering and biosensor are also involved. Finally, the possible challenges and perspectives of dendrimer micelles for their further applications are discussed.