背景:世界各地已经对几种遗留和新兴的全氟烷基物质和多氟烷基物质(PFAS)进行了监管。人们越来越关注替代PFAS的扩散,以及PFAS前体。PFAS的生物监测数据对于评估暴露和人类健康风险至关重要。
方法:我们在2018-2021年加拿大母婴环境化学品研究(MIREC)妊娠队列的随访研究中收集了289名成年女性参与者的血清样本。使用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法分析样品的40个PFAS。对于那些检测>50%的化合物,以及这些化合物的总和,我们根据社会人口统计学和产科病史特征描述血清浓度和暴露模式.
结果:在>50%的样品中检测到40种PFAS中的17种,在>97%的样品中检测到其中7种。全氟辛烷磺酸的浓度中位数[95百分位数](µg/L)最高(1.62[4.56]),PFOA(0.69[1.52]),PFNA(0.38[0.81]),和PFHxS(0.33[0.92])。在儿童较多的人群中,PFOA和PFHxS的几何平均浓度低约2倍(≥3vs.1),母乳喂养的儿童数量更多(≥3vs.≤1),母乳喂养的寿命更长(>4年vs.≤9个月),自上次怀孕以来的时间较短(≤4年vs.>8年)。我们观察到全氟辛烷磺酸的类似模式,PFHpS,和17个PFAS的总和,尽管组间差异较小。“白人”参与者的PFOA浓度较高,而N-MeFOSE的浓度,N-EtFOSE,7:3FTCA,在报告除“白人”以外的种族或族裔的参与者中,4:2FTS略高。遗产的集中,另类,和前体PFAS在不同年龄的水平上大致相似,教育,家庭收入,身体质量指数,和更年期状态。
结论:我们首次报告了加拿大几种替代和前体PFAS的生物监测数据。我们的研究结果表明,暴露于PFAS,包括几个新兴的替代品,可能是广泛的。我们的结果与先前的研究一致,这些研究表明怀孕和母乳喂养是PFAS的排泄途径。
BACKGROUND: Several legacy and emerging per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have been regulated around the world. There is growing concern over the proliferation of alternative PFAS, as well as PFAS precursors. Biomonitoring data for PFAS are critical for assessing exposure and human health risk.
METHODS: We collected serum samples from 289 adult female participants in a 2018-2021 follow-up study of the Maternal-Infant Research on Environmental Chemicals (MIREC) Canadian pregnancy cohort. Samples were analyzed for 40 PFAS using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. For those compounds with > 50% detection, as well as the sum of these compounds, we describe serum concentrations and patterns of exposure according to sociodemographic and obstetrical history characteristics.
RESULTS: 17 out of 40 PFAS were detected in > 50% of samples with 7 of these detected in > 97% of samples. Median [95th percentile] concentrations (µg/L) were highest for PFOS (1.62 [4.56]), PFOA (0.69 [1.52]), PFNA (0.38 [0.81]), and PFHxS (0.33 [0.92]). Geometric mean concentrations of PFOA and PFHxS were approximately 2-fold lower among those with more children (≥ 3 vs. 1), greater number of children breastfed (≥ 3 vs. ≤ 1), longer lifetime duration of breastfeeding (> 4 years vs. ≤ 9 months), and shorter time since last pregnancy (≤ 4 years vs. > 8 years). We observed similar patterns for PFOS, PFHpS, and the sum of 17 PFAS, though the differences between groups were smaller. Concentrations of PFOA were higher among \"White\" participants, while concentrations of N-MeFOSE, N-EtFOSE, 7:3 FTCA, and 4:2 FTS were slightly higher among participants reporting a race or ethnicity other than \"White\". Concentrations of legacy, alternative, and precursor PFAS were generally similar across levels of age, education, household income, body mass index, and menopausal status.
CONCLUSIONS: We report the first Canadian biomonitoring data for several alternative and precursor PFAS. Our findings suggest that exposure to PFAS, including several emerging alternatives, may be widespread. Our results are consistent with previous studies showing that pregnancy and breastfeeding are excretion pathways for PFAS.