多氯二苯并对二恶英和呋喃(PCDD/Fs)的时间趋势和区域差异,多氯联苯(PCBs),多氯萘(PCN),DDTs,多溴联苯(PBB)和多溴二苯醚(BDE)是在1972-2017年从芬兰四个地区的鸟鸣者收集的未孵化鱼卵中研究的。两个研究区域来自波罗的海,北夸克和芬兰群岛海,另外两个是内陆湖区,受工业排放影响的富营养化Vanajanselkä湖,和原始SW湖区。大多数化合物组的最高浓度在Vanajanselkä湖,与高排放一致,作为猎物的鲈鱼占主导地位,与其他猎物相比,鲈鱼的浓度更高。在所有研究区域中,所有氯化化合物的浓度均显着下降。年均下降∑PCDD/F2.3-4.9%,∑PCB2.2-4.2%,∑PCN2.6-7.0%和∑DDT7.1-9.5%,主要与猎物鱼的水平下降一致。从1972年起,多溴联苯和溴二苯醚大幅增加,直到1990年代,此后迅速下降。PCDD/F同源物分布以2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF为主,除了在瓦纳赞瑟尔湖,1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDD。在所有研究领域中,PCB同源物分布以PCB153为主,其次是PCB180和PCB138。在二恶英类化合物中,多氯联苯占82%,PCDDs为14%,PCDFs为4%,达到毒性当量(∑TEQ)。PCB126对∑TEQ的贡献最大,其次是1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD。BDE47是主要的BDE同源物,其次是BDE100。∑DDT浓度在所有研究区域相对相似,DDE贡献约90%。Vanajanselkä湖每个活跃巢的雏鸡生产力显着下降,可能的解释是二恶英类化合物的胚胎毒性。在2010年之前,二恶英类化合物可能会影响高度暴露的鱼鹰的胚胎存活,尤其是在Vanajanselkä湖和NorthernQuark。然而,1985年以后,由于DDE引起的蛋壳变薄而导致的存活率下降似乎不太可能,而BDE水平低于可能引起不利影响的水平。
Time trends and regional differences of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and -furans (PCDD/Fs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs), DDTs, polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs) and polybrominated diphenylethers (BDEs) were studied in unhatched osprey eggs collected by bird ringers in 1972-2017 from four areas in Finland. Two study areas were from Baltic Sea, Northern Quark and Finnish Archipelago Sea, while the two others were inland lake areas, eutrophicated Lake Vanajanselkä affected by industrial emissions, and Pristine SW Lake Area. The highest concentrations of most compound groups were in Lake Vanajanselkä consistent with high emissions, the predominance of bream as a prey, and higher concentrations in bream compared to other prey fish. Concentrations of all chlorinated compounds decreased significantly in all study areas. Average annual decreases were ∑PCDD/F 2.3-4.9%, ∑PCB 2.2-4.2%, ∑PCN 2.6-7.0% and ∑DDT 7.1-9.5%, primarily in line with decreased levels in prey fish. From 1972 PBBs and BDEs increased significantly until 1990s declining rapidly thereafter. PCDD/F congener profile was dominated by 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF, except in Lake Vanajanselkä by 1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDD. PCB congener profile was dominated by PCB 153 in all study areas, followed by PCB 180 and PCB 138. Among dioxin-like compounds PCBs contributed 82%, PCDDs 14% and PCDFs 4% to toxic equivalent quantity (∑TEQ). PCB 126 contributed most to ∑TEQ, followed by 1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD. BDE 47 being the dominant BDE congener, followed by BDE 100. ∑DDT concentrations were relatively similar across all study areas, with DDE contributing about 90%. Productivity of chicks per active nest was significantly decreased in Lake Vanajanselkä, and the likely explanation is embryotoxicity of dioxin-like compounds. It is plausible that dioxin-like compounds influenced embryonic survival among highly exposed ospreys prior to 2010, especially in Lake Vanajanselkä and Northern Quark. However, decreased survival due to DDE-induced eggshell thinning seems unlikely after 1985, and BDE levels were below those potentially causing adverse effects.