作为广泛使用的替代溴化阻燃剂,四溴双酚S(TBBPS)及其衍生物在环境科学领域引起了越来越多的关注。先前的研究表明,TBBPS及其衍生物容易在环境介质中积累,可能对环境安全和人类健康造成风险。因此,探索TBBPS及其衍生物的环境行为,在本文中,我们总结了这些化合物在水中分布的相关研究,大气,土壤和食物/生物群,以及它们的转化机制(生物和非生物)和毒性作用。总结结果表明,TBBPS及其衍生物在水中已被检测到,大气,土壤,和全球的食物/生物群,使它们成为无处不在的污染物。这些化合物可能会被吸附,释放到环境中后的光解或生物降解,这反过来又增加了他们的生态风险。TBBPS及其衍生物可引发一系列毒性效应,如神经毒性,肝毒性,细胞毒性,甲状腺毒性,遗传毒性和植物毒性,在体外和体内暴露于细胞或活生物体。毒理学研究表明,TBBPS作为TBBPA的替代品并不完全环保。最后,我们提出了TBBPS及其衍生物的未来研究方向,包括新技术在迁移研究中的应用,改造,TBBPS及其衍生物在环境中的毒理学和人体暴露风险评估。这篇综述为更好地了解TBBPS及其衍生物在环境中的行为和潜在毒性作用提供了有用的信息。
As widely used alternative brominated flame retardants, tetrabromobisphenol S (TBBPS) and its derivatives have attracted increasing amounts of attention in the field of environmental science. Previous studies have shown that TBBPS and its derivatives easily accumulate in environmental media and may cause risks to environmental safety and human health. Therefore, to explore the environmental behaviours of TBBPS and its derivatives, in this paper, we summarized relevant research on the distribution of these compounds in water, the atmosphere, soil and food/biota, as well as their transformation mechanisms (biological and nonbiological) and toxic effects. The summary results show that TBBPS and its derivatives have been detected in water, the atmosphere, soil, and food/biota globally, making them a ubiquitous pollutant. These compounds may be subject to adsorption, photolysis or biological degradation after being released into the environment, which in turn increases their ecological risk. TBBPS and its derivatives can cause a series of toxic effects, such as neurotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, cytotoxicity, thyrotoxicity, genotoxicity and phytotoxicity, to cells or living organisms in in vitro and in vivo exposure. Toxicological studies suggest that TBBPS as an alternative to TBBPA is not entirely environmentally friendly. Finally, we propose future directions for research on TBBPS and its derivatives, including the application of new technologies in studies on the migration, transformation, toxicology and human exposure risk assessment of TBBPS and its derivatives in the environment. This review provides useful information for obtaining a better understanding of the behaviour and potential toxic effects of TBBPS and its derivatives in the environment.