未经评估:雨水是由于降水事件和融雪从城市景观中流失而产生的水,收集在雨水下水道中,通常通过排水口释放到接受水体中,而只需最少的处理即可。尽管越来越多的证据观察到其有害的污染影响,寒冷气候下的雨水管理和处理仍然有限,部分原因是缺乏质量和加载数据以及建模参数。这项研究检查了寒冷气候下夏季雨水排放的质量,半干旱的加拿大城市(萨斯卡通,萨斯喀彻温省)。
UNASISIGNED:对四个夏季(2019年6月至8月)风暴事件的七个具有混合土地使用的城市集水区>100平方公里的雨水排放口进行了采样,并分析了一系列质量参数,包括总悬浮固体(TSS),化学需氧量(COD),溶解有机碳(DOC)金属,和目标多环芳烃(PAHs)。此外,雨水毒性的评估是使用两种毒性测定法Raphidocelissubcapitata(藻类)和费氏弧菌(细菌)进行的。值得注意的单事件,含砷的单排放污染物脉冲(420微克/升),镉(16.4微克/升),锌(924µg/L),芴(4.95µg/L),苯并[a]芘(0.949µg/L),芘(0.934微克/升),菲(1.39µg/L),和蒽(1.40µg/L)。观察到R.subcapitata和V.fischeri的IC50,如果有的话,高于单个污染物物种的预期毒性阈值。主成分分析(PCA)显示,各个采样地点或采样日期没有明显的趋势。相比之下,在包括DOC,COD,CODTSS,和减少藻类毒性;和总溶解固体(TDS),金属的总和,和pH。
未经评估:一般来说,雨水特征与以前的研究相似,第一批径流携带了大量污染物,受降雨深度的影响,前干期,土地利用,和集水区内的活动。道路,高速公路,和工业区贡献了大部分估计的污染物负荷。在污染物和径流量峰值的背景下,需要更密集的采样策略来将雨水数据上下文化。
UNASSIGNED:在线版本包含补充材料,可在10.1186/s12302-022-00619-x获得。
UNASSIGNED: Stormwater is water resulting from precipitation events and snowmelt running off the urban landscape, collecting in storm sewers, and typically being released into receiving water bodies through outfalls with minimal to no treatment. Despite a growing body of evidence observing its deleterious pollution impacts, stormwater management and treatment in cold climates remains limited, partly due to a lack of quality and loading data and modeling parameters. This study examines the quality of stormwater discharging during the summer season in a cold-climate, semi-arid Canadian city (Saskatoon, Saskatchewan).
UNASSIGNED: Seven stormwater outfalls with mixed-land-use urban catchments > 100 km2 were sampled for four summer (June-August 2019) storm events and analyzed for a suite of quality parameters, including total suspended solids (TSS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), metals, and targeted polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). In addition, assessment of stormwater toxicity was done using the two toxicity assays Raphidocelis subcapitata (algae) and Vibrio fischeri (bacteria). Notable single-event, single-outfall contaminant pulses included of arsenic (420 µg/L), cadmium (16.4 µg/L), zinc (924 µg/L), fluorene (4.95 µg/L), benzo[a]pyrene (0.949 µg/L), pyrene (0.934 µg/L), phenanthrene (1.39 µg/L), and anthracene (1.40 µg/L). The IC50 in both R. subcapitata and V. fischeri was observed, if at all, above expected toxicity thresholds for individual contaminant species. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed no clear trends for individual sampling sites or sampling dates. In contrast, parameters were correlated with each other in groups including DOC, COD, TSS, and reduced algal toxicity; and total dissolved solids (TDS), sum of metals, and pH.
UNASSIGNED: In general, stormwater characteristics were similar to those of previous studies, with a bulk of contamination carried by the first volume of runoff, influenced by a combination of rainfall depth, antecedent dry period, land use, and activity within the catchment. Roads, highways, and industrial areas contribute the bulk of estimated contaminant loadings. More intensive sampling strategies are necessary to contextualize stormwater data in the context of contaminant and runoff volume peaks.
UNASSIGNED: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12302-022-00619-x.