聚乳酸(PLA),来自可再生资源,具有刚性的优点,热塑性,生物相容性,和生物降解性,并广泛应用于包装等许多领域,农业,和生物医学。优异的加工性能允许熔融加工处理,如挤出,注塑成型,吹塑,和热成型在PLA基材料的制备中。然而,聚乳酸的低韧性和低热稳定性限制了其实际应用。与纯PLA相比,加工工艺等条件,填料,和结晶度影响PLA基材料的力学性能,包括抗拉强度,杨氏模量,和断裂伸长率。本文系统地总结了PLA基材料熔融加工的各种技术参数,并进一步讨论了PLA均聚物的力学性能,填料增强PLA基复合材料,PLA基多相复合材料,聚乳酸基复合材料的反应性复合策略。
Polylactic acid (PLA), derived from renewable resources, has the advantages of rigidity, thermoplasticity, biocompatibility, and biodegradability, and is widely used in many fields such as packaging, agriculture, and biomedicine. The excellent processability properties allow for melt processing treatments such as extrusion, injection molding, blow molding, and thermoforming in the preparation of PLA-based materials. However, the low toughness and poor thermal stability of PLA limit its practical applications. Compared with pure PLA, conditions such as processing technology, filler, and crystallinity affect the mechanical properties of PLA-based materials, including tensile strength, Young\'s modulus, and elongation at break. This review systematically summarizes various technical parameters for melt processing of PLA-based materials and further discusses the mechanical properties of PLA homopolymers, filler-reinforced PLA-based composites, PLA-based multiphase composites, and reactive composite strategies for PLA-based composites.