在许多发达国家和发展中国家,湖泊是饮用水的主要来源。在当前场景中,由于人类活动的迅速动员,湖泊受到越来越多的污染。这种做法不仅破坏湖泊生态系统,而且还通过水传播疾病危害人类健康。本研究通过多变量分析采用先进的层次聚类,建立了一种新的方法来同时识别严重污染的湖泊和关键污染物。已经设计了一种系统的方法来生成旋转分量矩阵,树状图,单图,并通过结合R模式和Q模式分析进行双绘图。这使得能够识别污染源及其分组。分析班加罗尔五个湖泊的案例研究,印度,已经进行了验证,以证明所提出的方法的有效性。此外,一个来自查谟和克什米尔的原始湖泊,印度,已经包括在内,以验证上述五个湖泊的发现。这项研究探索了各种身体之间的相关性,化学,和温度等生物学特性,pH值,溶解氧,电导率,硝酸盐,生物需氧量(BOD),粪大肠菌群(FC),和总大肠杆菌(TC)。形成簇的关键污染物包括电导率,硝酸盐,BOD,TC,和FC。因子分析确定了四个主要成分,它们共同占总体差异的85%。在确定污染热点之后,该研究建议基于源的污染控制和流域综合管理,这可以显著降低湖泊污染水平。持续监测湖泊水质对于确定实际污染源至关重要。这些发现为最大限度地提高恢复工作提供了切实可行的建议,实施污染源法规,改善水质条件,确保湖泊的可持续发展。
In many developed and developing nations, lakes are the primary source of drinking water. In the current scenario, due to rapid mobilization in anthropogenic activities, lakes are becoming increasingly contaminated. Such practices not only destroy lake ecosystems but also jeopardize human health through water-borne diseases. This study employs advanced hierarchical clustering through multivariate analysis to establish a novel method for concurrently identifying significantly polluted lakes and critical pollutants. A systematic approach has been devised to generate rotating component matrices, dendrograms, monoplots, and biplots by combining R-mode and Q-mode analyses. This enables the identification of contaminant sources and their grouping. A case study analyzing five lakes in Bengaluru, India, has been conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology. Additionally, one pristine lake from Jammu & Kashmir, India, has been included to validate the findings from the aforementioned five lakes. The study explored correlations among various physical, chemical, and biological characteristics such as temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, nitrates, biological oxygen demand (BOD), fecal coliform (FC), and total coliform (TC). Critical contaminants forming clusters included conductivity, nitrates, BOD, TC, and FC. Factor analysis identified four primary components that collectively accounted for 85% of the overall variance. Following identification of pollution hotspots, the study recommends source-based pollution control and integrated watershed management, which could significantly reduce lake pollution levels. Continuous monitoring of lake water quality is essential for identifying actual contaminant sources. These findings provide practical recommendations for maximizing restoration efforts, enforcing regulations on pollutant sources, and improving water quality conditions to ensure sustainable development of lakes.