■2020年8月,当尼日利亚成为最后一个阻断野生脊髓灰质炎病毒传播的非洲国家时,世界卫生组织非洲地区被认证为无野生脊髓灰质炎病毒(WPV)。国家脊髓灰质炎紧急行动中心于2012年成立,负责协调和管理尼日利亚根除脊髓灰质炎的工作,审查了2000-2020年WPV病例的流行病学情况,以记录经验教训。
■我们根据年龄按血清型分析了报告的WPV病例,口服脊髓灰质炎病毒疫苗免疫史,报告病例的月份和年份,以及基于地方政府地区一级发病率的年度地理分布。观察到的病例趋势与重大事件和分析期内大规模疫苗接种运动中使用的脊髓灰质炎病毒疫苗有关。
■共报告了3,579例WPV1型和1,548例WPV3型实验室确诊病例,在2000-2020年期间发病。2006年,地方政府地区每100,000人口的WPV发病率最高,分别为19.4、12.0和11.3。在2000年至2014年期间,每年都有野生脊髓灰质炎病毒病例报告;直到2016年的最后一例,2015年一直没有发现地方性传播。突出了十个事件/里程碑,包括东北部的叛乱,这导致了2016年的挫折,四起以前被困在安全受损地区的儿童案件。
■尼日利亚中断了WPV传输,尽管由于应急管理方法而面临挑战,开展大规模疫苗接种运动,政府机构的承诺,全球脊髓灰质炎合作伙伴的支持,以及部署在安全受损地区进行疫苗接种和监测的特殊战略。
UNASSIGNED: in August 2020, the World Health Organization African Region was certified free of wild poliovirus (WPV) when Nigeria became the last African country to interrupt wild poliovirus transmission. The National Polio Emergency Operations Center instituted in 2012 to coordinate and manage Nigerian polio eradication efforts reviewed the epidemiology of WPV cases during 2000-2020 to document lessons learned.
UNASSIGNED: we analyzed reported WPV cases by serotype based on age, oral poliovirus vaccine immunization history, month and year of reported cases, and annual geographic distribution based on incidence rates at the Local Government Area level. The observed trends of cases were related to major events and the poliovirus vaccines used during mass vaccination campaigns within the analysis period.
UNASSIGNED: a total of 3,579 WPV type 1 and 1,548 WPV type 3 laboratory-confirmed cases were reported with onset during 2000-2020. The highest WPV incidence rates per 100,000 population in Local Government Areas were 19.4, 12.0, and 11.3, all in 2006. Wild poliovirus cases were reported each year during 2000-2014; the endemic transmission went undetected throughout 2015 until the last cases in 2016. Ten events/milestones were highlighted, including insurgency in the northeast which led to a setback in 2016 with four cases from children previously trapped in security-compromised areas.
UNASSIGNED: Nigeria interrupted WPV transmission despite the challenges faced because of the emergency management approach, implementation of mass vaccination campaigns, the commitment of the government agencies, support from global polio partners, and special strategies deployed to conduct vaccination and surveillance in the security-compromised areas.