UNASSIGNED: Accurate and timely infectious disease surveillance is pivotal for effective public health responses. An important component of this is the disease surveillance tools used. Understanding views and experiences of users is crucial for informing policy decisions and ensuring the seamless functioning of surveillance systems.
UNASSIGNED: In this study, we aimed to assess the user perceptions of 3 disease surveillance tools used in Côte d\'Ivoire, namely, MAGPI, District Health Information Software 2 (DHIS2), and Surveillance Outbreak Response Management and Analysis System (SORMAS), the latter was implemented in 2021 within a pilot scheme.
UNASSIGNED: We conducted interviews and a web-based survey distributed to users of the 3 surveillance tools. The survey assessed users\' views of the surveillance tools\' usefulness, ease of use, feelings toward the tool, conditions that may influence the use, and other characteristics. The descriptive analysis compared responses from SORMAS, MAGPI, and DHIS2 users, providing a comprehensive evaluation of their experiences.
UNASSIGNED: Among the 159 respondents who actively use one of the systems, MAGPI was the most widely used surveillance tool among respondents (n=127, 79.9%), followed by DHIS2 (n=108, 67.9%), and SORMAS (n=25, 15.7%). In terms of users\' perceptions, SORMAS, despite its limited implementation, emerged as a tool that allows for data analysis and had the most comprehensive set of functionalities. DHIS2 was appreciated for its frequency of report provision, although users reported occasional IT system failures. MAGPI was recognized for its ease of use but was reported to lack certain functionalities offered by the other surveillance systems.
UNASSIGNED: This study offers valuable insights into the perceptions of disease surveillance tools users in Côte d\'Ivoire. While all systems were positively regarded, each exhibited strengths and weaknesses addressing different needs and functionalities. Policy makers and health officials can use these findings to enhance existing tools or consider a unified approach for infectious disease surveillance systems. Understanding users\' perspectives allows them to optimize the choice of surveillance tools, ultimately strengthening public health responses in Côte d\'Ivoire and potentially serving as a model for other countries facing similar decisions in their health care systems.

There is no health without mental health. These are both indispensable human rights and are prerequisite to living one\'s life with dignity. Unfortunately, mental health systems have been in crisis, with burden of mental illness being among the ten leading healthcare-related issues worldwide, with no measurable reduction in such for over 30 years. Concurrently, the demographic clock continues to tick. Toady\'s 703 million people aged 65 or older are projected to reach 1.5 billion by the year 2050. Of these, 20% will suffer with serious mental health conditions. At the heart of the global crisis for older people is ageism, frequently intersecting with ableism, mentalism, sexism, and racism. These biases result in the violation of older peoples\' human rights every day, with the resultant poor quality of life and premature death. They are compounded by major gaps in legislation, policies, and practices, rendering the central transformative promise of the UN\'s 2030 Agenda to \"Leave No One Behind\" a very elusive goal. Evidence-based interventions designed to prevent or reduce the risk of common mental health conditions and psychosocial disability are already available. All governments and policymakers have a major role to play in the promotion of good mental health and the prevention of mental illness by integrating these into public health and general social policy. This requires adopting, implementing, and scaling up of evidence-based, cost-effective interventions to reduce the risk of the development of mental disorders and providing access to adequate treatment when needed for older persons. All governments and policymakers also have a pivotal role to play in leading and supporting a UN convention on the human rights of older people. A UN convention would help combat ageism at the national and international levels by ensuring integration of monitoring and enforcement mechanisms to effectively implement policies and laws that could address discrimination, inequity, and the protection of human rights of older people, including their mental health.
Психическое здоровье не менее важно, чем физическое. Возможность заботиться о своем психическом и физическом состоянии — неотъемлемое право каждого человека и обязательное условие сохранения достоинства. К сожалению, процессы, направленные на сохранение психического здоровья населения, далеки от совершенства. Уже более 30 лет психические заболевания входят в десятку самых проблемных направлений мирового здравоохранения, и предпосылок для улучшения ситуации пока не наблюдается. Население Земли продолжает стареть: если сейчас в мире насчитывается 703 млн людей в возрасте 65 лет и старше, то к 2050 году их количество вырастет до 1,5 млрд. По прогнозам, у 20 % из них будут диагностированы серьезные психические расстройства. Эйджизм — одна из главных причин глобального кризиса в сфере защиты здоровья пожилого населения, наряду с эйблизмом, ментализмом, сексизмом и расизмом.Все эти формы дискриминации ежедневно приводят к нарушению прав пожилых людей, снижению качества их жизни и преждевременной смерти. В значительной степени этому способствуют многочисленные пробелы в законодательной, политической и практической работе. Именно поэтому одна из основных целей, обозначенных в стратегии развития ООН на 2030 год — Leave No One Behind (Не оставлять никого в стороне) — настолько труднодостижима. Тем не менее уже разработаны научно обоснованные инструменты профилактики и минимизации риска развития распространенных психических заболеваний и психосоциальной дезадаптации населения. Ключевую роль в улучшении психического здоровья и профилактики психических заболеваний играют органы государственной власти: от них зависит, будут ли включены эти вопросы в политику общественного здравоохранения и общего социального развития.Для этого необходимо разработать, внедрить и распространить программу научно-обоснованных и экономически эффективных мер по снижению риска развития психических заболеваний, а также создать возможности для организации доступной психиатрической помощи пожилым людям. Во всех странах органы государственной власти должны играть ключевую роль в продвижении принципов конвенции ООН по защите прав пожилых людей. Конвенция ООН по борьбе с эйджизмом предусматривает внедрение специальных механизмов мониторинга на национальном и международном уровнях для эффективного исполнения законодательных мер, направленных на противодействие дискриминации и неравенству, а также на защиту прав пожилых людей, в том числе права на психическое здоровье.

Sewage sludge management is crucial for water utilities to move towards a circular valorisation of resources. The current literature focuses mainly on the technological aspects of sludge management strategies. However, the current discussion of these strategies does not consider possible pressures arising from the utilities\' civil society stakeholders and from policymakers. To fill this gap, this paper develops a conceptual framework, based on the current literature, that identifies the utility\'s key decisions on sludge management strategies (valorisation route, overperformance and vertical integration), and links them to possible pressures arising from civil society and existing regulations. Subsequently, the study validates the framework through a multiple explanatory case study, investigating the empirical relevance of such pressures in six water utilities across Europe. The influence of citizens and municipalities is found to be crucial in the choice of sludge valorisation routes. Economic instruments, command and control instruments and, new to the literature, regulatory uncertainty are found to be key policy features influencing utilities\' decisions on sludge management. The paper provides a first-of-its-kind investigation that highlights the mechanisms through which policymakers and civil society stakeholders shape utilities\' sewage sludge management strategies. The results complement and extend existing theoretical knowledge on the role of institutional pressures in the implementation of sustainable environmental systems.

The prevalence of cancer is expected to increase worldwide for reasons related to a lack of awareness of cancer prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Implementing cancer education programs in schools in the developing countries with similar demographic, economic, and health transition to that of Oman is crucial for enhancing students\' cancer knowledge and promoting healthy behavior. This study aims to explore the perceptions of education, policymakers, and teachers regarding the inclusion of cancer education in secondary school curriculum. The study employed a qualitative method, conducting semi-structured interviews with ten education policymakers and ten school teachers. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed, and analyzed verbatim and qualitatively using the framework approach. Three main themes have emerged: (1) perception of the importance of cancer education inclusion within the school curriculum, (2) the perception of cancer education implementation in schools, and (3) the perceived challenges of introducing cancer education in schools. Policymakers and teachers in Oman recognize the importance of cancer education in schools and emphasized the need to prioritize it due to the increasing prevalence of the disease and the belief that negative lifestyle habits played a role in its increased prevalence. Implementing cancer education programs in schools is essential in improving students\' knowledge of cancer and health behaviors. Collaboration between the department of school health in ministry of education and in ministry of health and incorporating cancer education into different school activities can be beneficial. However, the perceived challenges of cancer education in schools include the decision on the priority of cancer education among other topics, the required procedures to introduce cancer education in schools, and the financial and logistics obligations of implementing cancer education programs. Therefore, addressing the financial and logistic requirements is essential to overcome the associated challenges for implementing cancer education programs within the school curriculum.

Our study sought to understand adult decision-makers\' views on what was important for actualising children\'s ideas using co-design, towards creating health-promoting local environments. Ten adult decision-makers, experienced in co-design with children aged 5-13 years in Aotearoa New Zealand, participated in individual interviews. We generated three themes (Empowering children within co-design; Being intentional about children\'s influence; Curating who is involved) using reflexive thematic analysis. Our themes informed a novel framework of \'impactful co-design\' accompanied by a practical checklist for adult decision-makers (practitioners, policy-makers, and researchers). Study findings affirm co-designing local neighbourhoods as an inherently social and technical endeavour, advocate for greater consideration of inclusivity and cultural context, and highlight the need for co-design with children to include safety, empowerment, and evaluation. We position impactful co-design as one useful process to enact children\'s meaningful participation.

In the recent report of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) on Best Practices (BPs) for Integrating Care to Prevent and Manage Chronic Diseases, an app on rhinitis and asthma (MASK-air [Mobile Airways Sentinel networK for airway diseases]) has been listed. The OECD is a reliable source of evidence-based policy analysis and economic data largely used by governments. It has published several BPs on public health. On May 10, 2023, the OECD published 13 BPs for Integrating Care to Prevent and Manage Chronic Diseases in the European Union. The report did not cover all models of integrated care; rather, it \"focuse(d) on those that are of key strategic interest to policy makers.\" New MASK-air studies (not published in the report) include equity, usability of the app in old-age adults, economic impact, quality of life, and allergen immunotherapy. MASK-air is freely available on iOS and Android in 30 countries and has been recently introduced in the United States. The MASK-air OECD BP represents a model of digitally enabled, patient-centered care for chronic diseases using a holistic approach of shared decision making.

BACKGROUND: National physical activity (PA) policy processes are only beginning to be studied in Latin America, and little attention has focused at the subnational level. This study examined national-subnational relations in the policy process (agenda setting, policy formulation, adoption, implementation, and evaluation) in selected Latin American countries.
METHODS: The Global Observatory for Physical Activity\'s (GoPA!) INTEGRATE-PA-Pol tool was applied in Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, and Mexico. Data were collected in matched pairs of the capital plus one noncapital city among national and subnational policymakers (n = 27), previously identified by the GoPA! Country Contacts. PA policy development and implementation were assessed using descriptive statistics.
RESULTS: Twenty-three (response rate = 85.2%) informants provided data, mainly from the health sector (52.2%), followed by the sport (26.1%), transport (13.0%), and education (8.7%) sectors. Most informants reported that their countries had a current PA policy embedded within noncommunicable diseases prevention plans (46.2%), other plans (46.2%), or obesity prevention/management/control plans (7.7%). Respondents at the subnational level rated PA promotion as central (64.3%), while the national-level role was important but not central (75.0%). National and subnational policymakers indicated low-to-little involvement in the other level\'s PA policy processes across the 5 policy stages.
CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated that collecting national and subnational PA policy data across countries with the active collaboration of the GoPA! network was feasible. We also successfully identified governmental interactions throughout the PA policy process, suggesting suboptimal engagement between national and subnational levels.

BACKGROUND: It is unclear how to disseminate the results of randomised controlled trials effectively to health professionals and policymakers to improve treatment, care or prevention through changing policy and practice. This systematic review examined the effectiveness of different methods of dissemination of clinical research results to professional audiences.
METHODS: We systematically reviewed the published and grey literature from 2000 to 2022 for studies assessing different approaches for disseminating clinical study results to professional audiences (health professionals, policymakers and guideline developers). Two reviewers assessed potentially relevant full texts for inclusion. We grouped studies by intervention type, synthesising findings using effect direction plots. Outcomes were grouped into out-takes (e.g. awareness, knowledge, understanding), outcomes (e.g. attitude changes) and impact (changes in policy/practice). The quality of evidence was assessed using GRADE.
RESULTS: Our search identified 13,264 unique records, of which 416 full texts were assessed for eligibility. Of 60 studies that were identified as eligible for inclusion, 20 evaluated the effectiveness of interventions to disseminate clinical research results (13 RCTs, 2 observational studies, 3 pre- and post-intervention surveys and 2 cross-sectional surveys). Studies were grouped by intervention: 7 studies that involved face-to-face meetings between the target audience and trained educators were classified as \'outreach interventions\'; 5 studies that provided a summary format for systematic review findings (e.g. summary of findings tables) were grouped together. There was high certainty evidence of a small beneficial impact of outreach interventions on health and moderate certainty evidence of impact on practice (mostly prescribing). There was no evidence of impact on policy and very low certainty around benefits on outcomes and out-takes. We found no consistent benefits of summary formats for systematic review results on outcomes or out-takes (moderate quality evidence). Other interventions with less evidence are reported in the Additional Materials.
CONCLUSIONS: Outreach interventions to disseminate clinical research results can lead to changes in practice and improvements in health. However, these interventions can be resource-intensive. Investment is vital to identify and implement effective and cost-effective ways to disseminate results, so that the potential benefits of trials to patients can be realised.
BACKGROUND: International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO), CRD42019137364.

Improvements in cancer care require a new degree of collaboration beyond the purely medical sphere, extending deeply into the world of other stakeholders-preeminently patients but also the other stakeholders in the hardware and software of care. Cancer remains a global health challenge, necessitating collaborative efforts to understand, prevent, and treat this complex disease. To achieve this goal, a comprehensive analysis was conducted, aligning the prioritization of cancer research measures in 13 European countries with 13 key recommendations for conquering cancer in the region. The study utilized a survey involving both patients and citizens, alongside data from IQVIA, a global healthcare data provider, to assess the availability and access to single-biomarker tests in multiple European countries. The results revealed a focused approach toward understanding, preventing, and treating cancer, with each country emphasizing specific research measures tailored to its strengths and healthcare objectives. This analysis highlights the intricate relationship between research priorities, access to biomarker tests, and financial support. Timely access to tests and increased availability positively influence research areas such as cancer prevention, early detection, ageing, and data utilization. The alignment of these country-specific measures with 13 recommendations for conquering cancer in Europe underscores the importance of tailored strategies for understanding, preventing, and treating cancer.

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