目标:阐明支持从大流行到地方流行的政策变化的因素,并研究减少COVID-19传播的非医学反应的选择。
背景:大流行应对决策中要考虑的关键因素不仅限于医疗选择或公共卫生命令,虽然这些很重要。
方法:从公开来源获得的所有证据都是通过作者的“护理”镜头提供的,管理,教育,政策和研究经验。
结论:由于COVID-19变种会导致大量护士和其他卫生从业人员感染,谁是公共和卫生政策的实际执行者,需要考虑支持大流行政策向地方病状态转变的证据。需要减少传播和变异突变的非医疗选择,以使高危人群避免感染。
结论:将感染风险转移到普通人群的公共政策需要仔细审查此类决定的证据基础,并值得公开辩论和审查。如果人们要管理政策决策带来的风险,他们需要获得非医疗病毒检测选项,以及获得有效的药物和治疗。
结论:当宣布有关传染病状况的政策变化时,护士的倡导作用可以得到扩展。在有效性方面评估政策,公平和科学依据是护理公共责任的一部分。需要对未能反映患者护理级别正在发生的情况的政策进行质疑,并在必要时进行修改。只有护士认为“好”的政策才应毫无挑战地实施。使用用于病毒环境检测的设备将能够实时估计感染风险,并告知个人参与工作或其他活动的实际风险。
UNASSIGNED:从大流行状态过渡到地方病状态的政策决定必须以证据为基础。关于风险和选择的清晰信息有助于政策的实施。描述传染病从爆发开始传播的阶段的术语,流行病,地方病和大流行是不可互换的,尽管它们将在整个范围内扩大和收缩,以应对公共卫生安全措施(PHSM)等干预措施,检疫,疫苗接种,抗病毒药物和死亡人数改变了那些避免感染或存活的人在确定的地点的病例数。
OBJECTIVE: To clarify factors that support a policy change from pandemic to endemic status and to examine options for non-medical responses to reduce COVID-19 transmission.
BACKGROUND: Critical factors to be considered in pandemic response decisions are not limited to medical options or public health orders, although these are important.
METHODS: All evidence drawn from publicly available sources is presented through the lens of the authors\' nursing, management, education, policy and research experience.
CONCLUSIONS: As COVID-19 variants cause infections to surge nurses and other health practitioners, who are the de facto implementers of public and health policy, need to consider the evidence supporting a pandemic policy change to endemic status. Non-medical options for reducing transmission and variant mutations are needed to enable at-risk populations to avoid infection.
CONCLUSIONS: Public policy that shifts infection risks onto the general population requires close scrutiny of the evidence base for such decisions and warrants open debate and review. If people are to manage risks arising from policy decisions, they need access to non-medical virus detection options as well as access to effective medicines and treatment.
CONCLUSIONS: Nurses have an extension to their advocacy role when policy changes about infectious disease status are declared. Evaluation of policy in terms of validity, equity and scientific basis is part of nursing\'s public responsibility. Policies that fail to reflect what is happening at the patient care level need to be questioned and modified where necessary. Only policies deemed \'good\' policy by nurses should be implemented without challenge. Access to devices for environmental detection of the virus would enable real-time estimation of infection risks and inform individual decisions about the real risk of participating in work or other activities.
UNASSIGNED: Policy decisions to transition from pandemic to endemic status must be evidence based. Clear messaging about risks and options assists policy implementation. Terminologies describing stages of infectious disease spread from \'outbreak, epidemic, endemic and pandemic\' are not interchangeable, although they will expand and contract across the range in response to interventions such as public health safety measures (PHSM), quarantine, vaccinations, antivirals and fatalities that alter the case count in defined locations for those who avoid or survive an infection.