这项研究在液体活检领域引入了一种新颖的方法,采用3D穆勒矩阵(MM)图像重建技术来分析脱水的血液涂片多晶结构。我们的研究中心是利用血液蛋白独特的光学各向异性特性,在癌症等疾病的早期阶段经历四级和三级的结构改变。这些变化表现为干血滴的多晶微观结构的独特模式,提供一种微创但高效的早期疾病检测方法。我们利用了一种开创性的3DMM映射技术,与数字全息重建集成,对部分去极化干血涂片进行详细的逐层分析。这种方法使我们能够提取关键的光学各向异性参数,能够区分健康个体和前列腺癌患者的血膜。我们的技术独特地结合了偏振全息和差分MM方法,以空间表征血膜内的3D多晶结构。我们研究的关键进展是使用线性和圆形双折射和二色性分布的统计矩(一阶至四阶)对光学各向异性图进行定量评估。这一分析提供了均值的全面表征,方差,偏斜度,和这些分布的峰度,对于确定健康样本和癌症样本之间的显着差异至关重要。我们的研究结果表明,癌症的早期诊断和分期的准确率超过90%,超越现有的筛选方法。我们技术的这种高水平的精确度和非侵入性标志着液体活检领域的重大进步。它在革新癌症诊断方面具有巨大的潜力,早期发现,患者分层,和监测,从而大大提高了患者的护理和治疗效果。总之,我们的研究为液体活检领域提供了一项开创性的技术,与正在进行的对非侵入性的追求保持一致,可靠,和有效的诊断方法。它为癌症诊断和监测开辟了新的途径,代表了个性化医学和肿瘤学的实质性飞跃。
This study introduces a novel approach in the realm of liquid biopsies, employing a 3D Mueller-matrix (MM) image reconstruction technique to analyze dehydrated blood smear polycrystalline structures. Our research centers on exploiting the unique optical anisotropy properties of blood proteins, which undergo structural alterations at the quaternary and tertiary levels in the early stages of diseases such as cancer. These alterations manifest as distinct patterns in the polycrystalline microstructure of dried blood droplets, offering a minimally invasive yet highly effective method for early disease detection. We utilized a groundbreaking 3D MM mapping technique, integrated with digital holographic reconstruction, to perform a detailed layer-by-layer analysis of partially depolarizing dry blood smears. This method allows us to extract critical optical anisotropy parameters, enabling the differentiation of blood films from healthy individuals and prostate cancer patients. Our technique uniquely combines polarization-holographic and differential MM methodologies to spatially characterize the 3D polycrystalline structures within blood films. A key advancement in our study is the quantitative evaluation of optical anisotropy maps using statistical moments (first to fourth orders) of linear and circular birefringence and dichroism distributions. This analysis provides a comprehensive characterization of the mean, variance, skewness, and kurtosis of these distributions, crucial for identifying significant differences between healthy and cancerous samples. Our findings demonstrate an exceptional accuracy rate of over 90 % for the early diagnosis and staging of cancer, surpassing existing screening methods. This high level of precision and the non-invasive nature of our technique mark a significant advancement in the field of liquid biopsies. It holds immense potential for revolutionizing cancer diagnosis, early detection, patient stratification, and monitoring, thereby greatly enhancing patient care and treatment outcomes. In conclusion, our study contributes a pioneering technique to the liquid biopsy domain, aligning with the ongoing quest for non-invasive, reliable, and efficient diagnostic methods. It opens new avenues for cancer diagnosis and monitoring, representing a substantial leap forward in personalized medicine and oncology.