目的:提供欧盟卫生劳动力流动的总体概述,以应对卫生系统在卫生工作者供应方面面临的挑战。
方法:我们使用描述性方法,基于对二级数据的分析,定性和定量,关于欧盟的欧洲学期,补充了国际电联和一些国际组织的统计数据。
结果:卫生专业人员在联盟中的流动性,与强烈依赖海外招聘和移民短缺有关,在2017-2023年期间,多次被确定为欧洲学期的挑战。大流行加剧了先前存在的短缺,并需要在维持卫生系统的解决能力与遵守卫生专业人员的自由流动之间取得平衡。资料显示,罗马尼亚,斯洛伐克,西班牙,立陶宛,拉脱维亚,葡萄牙,保加利亚,希腊,克罗地亚,匈牙利,意大利,斯洛文尼亚可以被标记为“发行人简介”。卢森堡,爱尔兰,马耳他,瑞典可以被标记为“收件人简介”。我们受益于有关工会卫生劳动力的信息系统的改进。需要在协调卫生专业定义方面取得进一步进展,尤其是护士。
结论:欧盟面临卫生专业人员的内部迁移。移动性被用来解决短缺问题。大流行加剧了先前存在的短缺,使人们需要在卫生目标和内部市场目标之间取得平衡。会员国正沉浸在卫生改革中,有些是由欧洲基金资助的。促进卫生人力规划和预测将成为一项必要行动,包括改善协调信息。系统地从欧洲学期报告中获取可用信息,可能会为有关卫生专业人员流动性的政策制定提供一些线索。
OBJECTIVE: Providing a general overview of the European Union\'s health workforce mobility under the challenges facing health systems regarding the supply of health workers.
METHODS: We use a descriptive method, based on the analysis of secondary data, qualitative and quantitative, concerning the European Semester from the European Union, complemented with statistical data from both the Union and some international organisations.
RESULTS: The mobility of health professionals in the Union, associated to strong reliance on recruiting abroad and shortages due to emigration, was identified as a challenge in the European Semester process in a significant number of times during 2017-2023. The pandemic aggravated pre-existing shortages and the need to strike a balance between maintaining the resolution capacity of health systems while abiding by the free movement of health professionals. The information shows that Romania, Slovakia, Spain, Lithuania, Latvia, Portugal, Bulgaria, Greece, Croatia, Hungary, Italy, and Slovenia could be flagged with an \"issuer profile\". Luxembourg, Ireland, Malta, and Sweden could be flagged with a \"recipient profile\". We benefited from improvements in the information system concerning the Union\'s health workforce. Further advances regarding the harmonisation of health professions\' definition are needed, especially for nurses.
CONCLUSIONS: The European Union faces internal migrations of health professionals. Mobility is used as a solution to shortages. The pandemic aggravated pre-existing shortages bringing to the forefront the need to strike a balance between health objectives and internal market objectives. Member States are immersed in health reforms, some financed with European Funds. Promoting health workforce planning and forecasting would emerge as a necessary action, including improving harmonised information. Drawing in a systematic way on the available information from the European Semester reports may provide some clues to give answers to policymaking concerning health professionals\' mobility.