定义新出现的化学品(CEC)的环境发生和分布,包括沿海水生系统中的药品和个人护理产品(PPCP),往往是困难和复杂的。在这项研究中,代表几类药物的70种化合物,包括抗生素,抗炎药,驱虫剂,抗菌,抗抑郁药,化疗药物,和X射线造影剂化合物,在dreissenid贻贝中发现(斑马/quagga;Dreissenaspp。)组织样本。总体浓度和检测频率在采样位置之间差异很大,场地土地利用类别,以及点源放电附近和下游采样的地点。维拉帕米,三氯卡班,依托泊苷,西酞普兰,苯海拉明,舍曲林,阿米替林,和DEET(N,N-二乙基-间甲苯酰胺)是在脱脂贻贝中检测到的最普遍的PPCP(>50%)。在贻贝组织中定量的那些化合物中,舍曲林,二甲双胍,甲基强的松龙,氢化可的松,1,7-二甲基黄嘌呤,茶碱,齐多夫定,泼尼松,可乐定,2-羟基-布洛芬,iopamidol,和美法仑的检测浓度高达475ng/g(湿重)。抗高血压药,抗生素,在贻贝组织中定量的化合物中,抗抑郁药占大多数。结果表明,在dreissenid贻贝中定量的PPCP以复杂的混合物形式出现,在一个或多个采样地点检测到4至28种化合物。在不受WWTP或CSO排放影响的站点中,检测到的PPCP的大小和组成最高(即,非污水处理厂),强烈支持非点源作为本研究中检测到的PPCPs的重要驱动因素和途径。由于这些化合物在近岸和近海位置被检测到,这项研究的结果表明,它们的持久性和潜在风险在很大程度上是未知的,因此,有必要对大湖盆地的这些新兴污染物进行进一步评估和优先排序。
Defining the environmental occurrence and distribution of chemicals of emerging concern (CECs), including pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in coastal aquatic systems, is often difficult and complex. In this study, 70 compounds representing several classes of pharmaceuticals, including antibiotics, anti-inflammatories, insect repellant, antibacterial, antidepressants, chemotherapy drugs, and X-ray contrast media compounds, were found in dreissenid mussel (zebra/quagga; Dreissena spp.) tissue samples. Overall concentration and detection frequencies varied significantly among sampling locations, site land-use categories, and sites sampled proximate and downstream of point source discharge. Verapamil, triclocarban, etoposide, citalopram, diphenhydramine, sertraline, amitriptyline, and DEET (N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide) comprised the most ubiquitous PPCPs (> 50%) detected in dreissenid mussels. Among those compounds quantified in mussel tissue, sertraline, metformin, methylprednisolone, hydrocortisone, 1,7-dimethylxanthine, theophylline, zidovudine, prednisone, clonidine, 2-hydroxy-ibuprofen, iopamidol, and melphalan were detected at concentrations up to 475 ng/g (wet weight). Antihypertensives, antibiotics, and antidepressants accounted for the majority of the compounds quantified in mussel tissue. The results showed that PPCPs quantified in dreissenid mussels are occurring as complex mixtures, with 4 to 28 compounds detected at one or more sampling locations. The magnitude and composition of PPCPs detected were highest for sites not influenced by either WWTP or CSO discharge (i.e., non-WWTPs), strongly supporting non-point sources as important drivers and pathways for PPCPs detected in this study. As these compounds are detected at inshore and offshore locations, the findings of this study indicate that their persistence and potential risks are largely unknown, thus warranting further assessment and prioritization of these emerging contaminants in the Great Lakes Basin.