水生环境受到多种人类活动的威胁,特别是通过将未经处理的生活污水排放到沿海环境中。这些流出物含有大量天然或合成化合物,称为新出现的污染物。监测环境中有毒物质的种类和数量,尤其是复杂的混合物,是一项令人筋疲力尽且具有挑战性的任务。基于综合效果的工具,如生物标志物,建议用于环境质量监测计划。在这项研究中,将鱼Poeciliavivipara暴露于未处理的原始污水中24和96小时,稀释了33%(v/v),以鉴定用作分子生物标志物的肝基因。通过从头肝脏转录组组装,使用IlluminaMiSeq,组装了54,285个序列,为该孔雀鱼物种创建了参考转录组。涉及生物转化系统的转录本,抗氧化防御,ABC运输商,通过qPCR鉴定和评估核和异种生物受体。卫生污水诱导AhR转录变化,PXR,CYP2K1,CYP3A30,NQO1,UGT1A1,GSTa3,GSTmu,ST1C1、SOD、来自鱼类肝脏的ABCC1和SOX9基因,特别是在96小时的暴露后。还观察到肝酶活性的变化。酶显示出暴露于两个时期的鱼的差异,而在the中,96小时后普遍存在显着结果。观察到的差异与性别和/或污水暴露有关。获得的结果支持将Vivipara用作前哨和模型生物进行生态毒理学研究,并证明了理解与性别相关的差异反应的重要性。
Aquatic environments are subject to threats from multiple human activities, particularly through the release of untreated sanitary sewage into the coastal environments. These effluents contain a large group of natural or synthetic compounds referred to as emerging contaminants. Monitoring the types and quantities of toxic substances in the environment, especially complex mixtures, is an exhausting and challenging task. Integrative effect-based tools, such as biomarkers, are recommended for environmental quality monitoring programs. In this study, fish
Poecilia vivipara were exposed for 24 and 96 h to raw untreated sewage diluted 33 % (v/v) in order to identify hepatic genes to be used as molecular biomarkers. Through a de novo hepatic transcriptome assembly, using Illumina MiSeq, 54,285 sequences were assembled creating a reference transcriptome for this guppy species. Transcripts involved in biotransformation systems, antioxidant defenses, ABC transporters, nuclear and xenobiotic receptors were identified and evaluated by qPCR. Sanitary sewage induced transcriptional changes in AhR, PXR, CYP2K1, CYP3A30, NQO1, UGT1A1, GSTa3, GSTmu, ST1C1, SOD, ABCC1 and SOX9 genes from liver of fish, particularly after 96 h of exposure. Changes in hepatic enzyme activities were also observed. The enzymes showed differences in fish exposed to both periods, while in the gills there was a prevalence of significant results after 96 h. The observed differences were associated to gender and/or to sewage exposure. The obtained results support the use of P. vivipara as sentinel and model organism for ecotoxicological studies and evidence the importance of understanding the differential responses associated to gender.