OBJECTIVE: Respiratory diseases present a challenge for the healthcare system due to their prevalence and clinical impact. The aim of this study was to explore the current situation of hospital pharmacy in the field of respiratory diseases.
METHODS: Observational, cross-sectional study, with a national scope, divided into 2 parts. In an initial phase, the activity and level of pharmaceutical care in respiratory diseases was evaluated through an online questionnaire using REDCap. The survey was addressed to department chiefs and consisted of 17 items, divided into 2 modules: general data and general activity. The second phase was open to hospital pharmacists, with the aim of exploring their opinion on care, training, and improvement needs. The number of items in this phase was 19, divided into 5 modules: general data, pharmaceutical care, competencies, training, and degree of satisfaction.
RESULTS: In the first phase, 23 hospitals were included. Most of them (n=20) had a pharmacist in charge of respiratory diseases. However, a large proportion of them dedicated less than 40% of their working day to this activity. The pharmacist\'s activity occurred at the level of external patients (n=21), hospitalised patients (n=16), and secondarily in management (n=8). Integration is greater in pathologies such as asthma, IPF, pulmonary hypertension, and bronchiectasis. Participation in committees was present in 15 hospitals, with variability in pathologies and degree of involvement. In the second phase, 164 pharmacists participated, who considered pharmaceutical care in cystic fibrosis, asthma, and lung transplant as a priority. 51% considered integration to be adequate and 91% considered it necessary to implement prioritisation criteria. Professional competencies ranged from 6.5 to 6.9 out of 10 points. Only 45% of participants had received specific training in the last 4 years, indicating greater priority for asthma, pulmonary hypertension, and IPF.
CONCLUSIONS: Most centers have pharmacists specialised in respiratory diseases. However, there is room for improvement in terms of subspecialisation, participation in multidisciplinary committees, implementation of prioritisation criteria, diversification in pathologies treated, as well as greater specific training in this area.

暂无摘要。

OBJECTIVE: Respiratory diseases present a challenge for the healthcare system due to their prevalence and clinical impact. The aim of this study was to explore the current situation of hospital pharmacy in the field of respiratory diseases.
METHODS: Observational, cross-sectional study, with a national scope, divided into 2 parts. In an initial phase, the activity and level of pharmaceutical care in respiratory diseases was evaluated through an online questionnaire using REDCap. The survey was addressed to department chiefs and consisted of 17 items, divided into 2 modules: general data and general activity. The second phase was open to hospital pharmacists, with the aim of exploring their opinion on care, training, and improvement needs. The number of items in this phase was 19, divided into 5 modules: general data, pharmaceutical care, competencies, training and degree of satisfaction.
RESULTS: In the first phase, 23 hospitals were included. Most of them (n=20) had a pharmacist in charge of respiratory diseases. However, a large proportion of them dedicated less than 40% of their working day to this activity. The pharmacist\'s activity occurred at the level of external patients (n=20), hospitalized patients (n=16), and secondarily in management (n=8). Integration is greater in pathologies such as asthma, IPF, pulmonary hypertension, and bronchiectasis. Participation in committees was present in 15 hospitals, with variability in pathologies and degree of involvement. In the second phase, 164 pharmacists participated, who considered pharmaceutical care in cystic fibrosis, asthma and lung transplant as a priority. Fifty-one percent considered integration to be adequate and 91% considered it necessary to implement prioritization criteria. Professional competencies ranged from 6.5-6.9 out of 10 points. Only 45% of participants had received specific training in the last four years, indicating greater priority for asthma, pulmonary hypertension and IPF.
CONCLUSIONS: Most centers have pharmacists specialized in respiratory diseases. However, there is room for improvement in terms of sub specialization, participation in multidisciplinary committees, implementation of prioritization criteria, diversification in pathologies treated, as well as greater specific training in this area.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is transmitted to humans mainly via contact and droplet transmission and its entry into cells is mediated by the efficient binding of the spike (S) viral protein with the angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) receptors. Although acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) caused by SARS-CoV-2 fulfills the criteria of the Berlin definition, in a considerable proportion of patients with COVID-19, there is a dissociation between their relatively well-preserved lung mechanics and the severity of hypoxaemia. The extent of pneumococcal related morbidity and mortality is largely unknown. Respiratory comorbidities that increase the risk of severe disease and mortality due to SARS-CoV-2 include chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, bronchiectasis and fibrotic interstitial lung diseases, regardless of aetiology. Pneumococcal and seasonal influenza vaccinations are useful in preventing a substantial burden of mortality in high-risk populations, while general quarantine and social distancing can reduce the infiltration of the virus within the community. To date, several therapeutic agents have been studied or are currently examined, such as hydroxychloroquine, chloroquine, ritonavir/lopinavir, remdesivir, colchicines and interleukin-6 inhibitors. However, the usage of most of these into clinical practice was not based on randomised clinical trials and their results should be viewed with extreme caution; remdesivir seems to be the more promising option. Rigorous efforts are under way for the development of a safe and successful vaccine against SARS-CoV-2.