早产是位置性颅骨畸形的危险因素,因为早产儿的颅骨更具延展性,并且容易因外部压力而畸形。
目的:描述早产儿的位置性颅骨畸形和围产期/产后病理,并分析胎龄之间的关系,出生体重,住院时间,颅穹窿不对称指数(CVAI)和头颅指数(CI)测量颅骨畸形的严重程度。
方法:分析,横断面研究。纳入了2017年接受早期干预计划(EIP)的103名矫正年龄在4个月以下的早产儿。参与者根据胎龄分类如下:极度早产(<28周),非常早产(28-32周),和中度至晚期早产(32-37周)。头围,前后直径,宽度,测量了头部对角线,计算CVAI和CI。从临床记录中获得出生前后的病史。
结果:评估了103名早产儿(17名极度早产,78非常早产,和8中度至晚期早产)。99(96.1%)的早产儿有位置性颅骨畸形,无论早熟程度如何,提出了类似的颅骨人体测量。轻度头颅畸形是所有组中最常见的颅骨畸形。我们观察到住院天数与CVAI之间存在正相关,并且早产程度与位置颅骨变形的严重程度之间没有关系。
结论:大多数EIP患者表现为位置性颅骨畸形,主要是轻度的头颅,无论早熟程度如何。斜头的存在与住院时间延长呈正相关。早产程度与位置性颅骨畸形的严重程度之间没有关系。
Prematurity is a risk factor for positional cranial deformities since preterm infants have a more malleable skull and are susceptible to deformities due to external pressures.
OBJECTIVE: To describe positional cranial deformities and peri/postnatal pathologies in preterm infants and to analyze the association between gestational age, birth weight, length of hospitalization, and severity of cranial deformities measured by the Cranial Vault Asymmetry Index (CVAI) and the Cephalic Index (CI).
METHODS: Analytic, cross-sectional study. 103 preterm infants aged under 4 months of corrected age admitted during 2017 to an Early Intervention Program (EIP) were included. Participants were classified according to gestational age as follows: extremely preterm (< 28 weeks), very preterm (28-32 weeks), and moderate-to-late preterm (32-37 weeks). Head circumference, anteroposterior diameter, width, and head diagonals were measured, and the CVAI and CI were calculated. Peri- and postnatal history was obtained from clinical records.
RESULTS: 103 preterm infants were evaluated (17 extremely preterm, 78 very preterm, and 8 moderate-to-late preterm). 99 (96.1%) of the preterm infants had positional cranial deformity and, regardless of the degree of prematurity, presented similar cranial anthropometric measurements. Mild
plagiocephaly was the most frequent cranial deformity in all groups. We observed a positive association between the days of hospitalization and the CVAI and there was no relationship between the degree of prematurity and the severity of the positional cranial deformation.
CONCLUSIONS: Most of the patients admitted to the EIP presented positional cranial deformities, mainly mild
plagiocephaly, regardless of the degree of prematurity. The presence of
plagiocephaly was positively associated with prolonged periods of hospitalization. No relationship was confirmed between the degree of prematurity and the severity of the positional cranial deformity.