调查砷(As)污染地区的自然过程和自然选择在那里生长的植物提出了实用的恢复建议。这项研究旨在评估QuercusroburL.和TiliacordataMill的天然树状修复动力学的长期变化。,能够在受采矿活动污染的地区生长的树种。我们检查了总As及其形式,还有B,Ca,K,Mg,Na和P,在土壤和树木超过5年。我们还对土壤的pH值和EC进行了表征,检查了树木器官中的脯氨酸含量,并计算了As的生物富集因子(BCF)和易位因子(TF)。土壤中的初始As浓度在Q.robur下为37.0mgkg-1,在T.cordata下为34.7mgkg-1,5年后显著下降,分别为10.5mgkg-1和9.51mgkg-1。这对应于高达71.8%的污染减少。As(III)和二甲基arsinic酸的显着减少,随着土壤中其他有机砷形态的增加,被观察到。此外,土壤中基本元素的浓度,以及它的pH和EC,随着时间的推移而减少。两种树种都在其器官中积累了大量的砷,但是这个过程的动力学是特定于物种的。在最初的四年里,T.cordata积累了更多的As,表现出更高的BCF,但是在第五年,显然被Q.Robur超越了.在第3年为Q.robur计算出最高的TF,在第2年和第3年为T.cordata计算出最高的TF。一般来说,As的有限地上运动表明:计算第2年和第3年的BCF>1,而TF始终<1。脯氨酸含量在所有器官中显著增加,与As相关,尤其是Q.Robur.相比之下,Q.Robur叶片作图显示稳定的宏观元素分布,但在T.cordata中观察到明显的变化。,这可能表明对压力的特定反应。这些发现表明,这两种物种都可以有效地恢复被污染的地区,虽然有不同的动态。树状恢复的物种选择应基于目标是较快的补救和较少的总体减少(例如T.cordata)还是较慢的补救和最终较大的污染减少(例如Q.robur)。
Investigating natural processes in arsenic (As) polluted areas and plants that have naturally chosen to grow there pose practical restoration recommendations. This study aimed to assess long-term changes in natural As dendroremediation dynamics for Quercus robur L. and Tilia cordata Mill., tree species capable of growing in areas polluted by mining activities. We examined total As and its forms, as well as B, Ca, K, Mg, Na and P, in soil and trees over 5 years. We also characterized pH and EC of soil, examined proline content in tree organs, and calculated Bioconcentration Factor (BCF) and Translocation Factor (TF) for As. Initial As concentrations in soil were 37.0 mg kg⁻1 under Q. robur and 34.7 mg kg⁻1 under T. cordata, significantly decreasing after 5 years to 10.5 mg kg⁻1 and 9.51 mg kg⁻1, respectively. This corresponds to pollution reduction of up to 71.8%. A notable decrease in As(III) and dimethylarsinic acid, along with increase in other organic As forms in soil, was observed. Additionally, concentrations of essential elements in soil, as well as its pH and EC, decreased over time. Both tree species accumulated substantial amounts of As in their organs, but the dynamics of this process were species-specific. During first 4 years, T. cordata accumulated more As and exhibited higher BCF, but in the 5th year, it was clearly surpassed by Q. robur. The highest TF was calculated for Q. robur in year 3, and for T. cordata in years 2 and 3. Generally, limited aboveground movement of As was indicated: BCF >1 were calculated for years 2 and 3, while TF were consistently <1. Proline content increased significantly in all organs, correlating with As, especially in Q. robur. In contrast, Q. robur leaves mapping revealed stable macroelement distributions, but clear variations were observed for T. cordata., which may suggest specific reaction to stress. These findings suggest that both species can effectively restore As-polluted areas, though with different dynamics. The selection of species for dendrorestoration should be based on whether the goal is faster remediation with lesser overall reduction (e.g. T. cordata) or slower remediation with ultimately greater pollution reduction (e.g. Q. robur).