睫毛的主要作用是保护和维持眼睑边缘的健康。然而,实现这一角色的机制还没有完全理解。解开这些机制将大大提高眼部护理专业人员干预睫毛异常的效率。本文的目的是对睫毛进行综述,包括重点和新的研究途径;睫毛及其卵泡的生物学;眼部护理专业人员对睫毛异常的病理生理学和管理;以及医源性因素对睫毛的影响。使用OvidMEDLINE的数据库,我们回顾了专门针对人类/哺乳动物睫毛的研究,以及可适用于睫毛研究的头皮毛发方法的当前趋势的关键文章。睫毛形态,使用从睫毛成像到卵泡免疫组织化学的技术已经记录了色素沉着和生长速率。此外,研究表明,睫毛卵泡对外部环境的许多因素敏感,各种全身/局部药物和化妆品。最近,使用哺乳动物眼睛模型的空气动力学研究证实,需要最佳的睫毛长度,以便睫毛在减少可以到达眼睛的颗粒数量方面起到保护作用。尽管睫毛研究最近取得了进展,研究仍然很少,由于人体盖子取样的可用性有限。这篇评论使人们意识到,需要对睫毛进行进一步的研究,并有望减少与头皮头发研究的差距。
The primary role of eyelashes is to protect and maintain the health of the lid margin. However, the mechanisms to fulfill this role are not fully understood. Unraveling these mechanisms will stand to greatly improve the efficiency of eye care professionals\' interventions in anomalies of the eyelashes. The aim of this article is to provide a review on eyelashes including highlights and new avenues for research; the biology of both the lash and its follicle; the pathophysiology and management of lash anomalies by eye care professionals; and the effect of iatrogenic factors on lashes. Using the database of Ovid MEDLINE, we reviewed studies specifically directed on human/mammalian eyelashes and key articles on current trends in scalp hair methodologies that can be applicable to lash research. The eyelash morphology, pigmentation and growth rate have been documented using techniques ranging from lash imaging to follicle immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, studies have demonstrated that the lash follicle is sensitive to many factors of the external environment, a variety of systemic/topical medications and cosmetics. Recently, aerodynamic studies using a mammalian eye model confirmed that an optimal lash length was needed so that eyelashes serve a protective role in reducing the number of particles that can reach the eye. Despite recent advances in lash research, studies are still scarce, due to the limited availability of the human lid for sampling. This review brings awareness that further research is needed with respect to eyelashes and will hopefully reduce the gap with scalp hair research.