Fungi in the gut microbiota of mammals play a crucial role in host physiological regulation, including intestinal homeostasis and host immune regulation. However, our understanding of gut fungi in mammals remains limited, especially in economically valuable animals, such as pigs. Therefore, this review first describes the classification and characterisation of fungi, provides insights into the methods used to study gut fungi, and summarises the recent progress on pig gut fungi. Additionally, it discusses the challenges in the study of pig gut fungi and highlights potential perspectives. The aim of this review is to serve as a valuable reference for advancing our knowledge of gut fungi in animals.

UNASSIGNED: Childhood apraxia of speech (CAS) is a communication deficit that impacts a child\'s overall quality of life, including their academic and social interactions, yet few studies have investigated the impact from the child\'s perspective. Using The World Health Organization\'s International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) framework, we examined the children\'s and caregivers\' perspectives on the impact of CAS on their overall wellbeing.
UNASSIGNED: Survey data were collected from 32 child-caregiver dyads for children ages 9-17 years with CAS. Items elicited responses along a 5-point scale to examine the perceived impact of children\'s speech impairments using the framework, including impact on communication, interpersonal interactions/relationships, and major life events.
UNASSIGNED: Results from non-parametric statistical analyses revealed: (a) caregivers reported a significantly greater impact than children across individual ICF domains; (b) child responses were not significantly correlated with their caregiver\'s responses or with the child\'s age, gender, or severity indicators; and (c) both caregivers and children indicated the domain of communication was impacted more than other domains.
UNASSIGNED: Results suggest a potential disconnect in the perceived impact of CAS between the caregiver and child. Recommendations include facilitating a dialogue between the child-caregiver dyad and considering treatment goals that address wellbeing.

BACKGROUND: Medical errors are among the most important factors that threaten patient safety. Therefore, nurses\' perspectives and experiences about medical errors are important for this manner.
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine in depth the perspectives and experiences of nurses related to how they define medical error, as well as its causes, management and reporting.
METHODS: This descriptive, exploratory study involved a qualitative design.
METHODS: A total of 15 clinical nurses from eleven provinces were reached by snowball sampling method. In the study, nurses\' perspectives on medical errors were obtained through semistructured in-depth online interviews conducted based on phenomenological methods. Descriptive analysis was used in the analysis of the data obtained from the interviews. The research was conducted following the COnsolidated criteria for REporting Qualitative checklist.
RESULTS: The resulting 26 codes were categorized under seven themes: \"Definition of medical error\", \"Experience of medical errors\", \"Frequency of medical errors\", \"Causes of medical errors\", \"Reporting of medical errors\", \"Medical error approach\" and \"Prevention of medical errors\".
CONCLUSIONS: The results show that it is still necessary to increase the awareness of nurses about medical errors and the importance of error reporting. In addition, it reveals the need for leadership to eliminate the negative approach to medical errors and shows that nurse managers should be empowered accordingly.
CONCLUSIONS: It is the first step of quality and safe care to reveal nurses\' perspectives on medical errors, their thoughts about medical errors and their experiences about errors in their institutions. In this study, nurses\' knowledge, opinions and experiences regarding medical errors were revealed in this qualitative study. Therefore, this study offers important clues to nursing services, hospital managers and policy makers for clinical and institutional arrangements.

UNASSIGNED: Global ophthalmology opportunities are becoming increasingly popular, and international partnerships are becoming more common among academic training institutions in the United States. There is need for training in the complex relational, motivational, ethical, and logistical issues that may arise in these partnerships.
UNASSIGNED: We developed a 3-hour case-based session featuring four characters in a fictitious international ophthalmology partnership scenario. Facilitators used structured questions for each of the four parts to foster interaction and discussion among learners. After the activity, participants completed an evaluation/questionnaire consisting of Likert-scale and open-ended questions.
UNASSIGNED: A total of 23 ophthalmology residents and seven medical students underwent the activity over four iterations. The activity was well received, with 100% of learners either strongly agreeing (90%) or agreeing (10%) when asked if the session was worthwhile and 100% of learners either strongly agreeing (87%) or agreeing (13%) when asked if the format was conducive to achieving the learning objectives. Answers to questions on how learners would change how they practice ophthalmology in their residency and in their future careers revolved around the following topics: consideration of other perspectives, humility, self- and situational awareness, complexities of partnerships, reciprocity and exchange, importance of communication, and connection of principles between international and domestic medical practice.
UNASSIGNED: While this case study explores an international ophthalmology partnership scenario, the principles and themes presented can be applicable to other fields of medicine, and can be applicable to the practice of medicine both internationally and domestically.

Millions of people worldwide suffer from hearing loss, a common sensory condition. However, new developments in cochlear implants have drastically transformed children\'s lives. However, there is still much to learn about the complex effects of cochlear implant interventions on children\'s lives and the unique difficulties experienced by Nepalese families. This study aims to comprehensively evaluate parents\' perspectives regarding the quality of life of children with cochlear implants in Nepal. This study utilized the \'Children with Cochlear Implants: Parental Perspectives\' (CCIPP) questionnaire, focusing on parents\' viewpoints to assess the quality of life of Nepalese children with cochlear implants. A purposive sampling approach encompassed 22 families who completed the questionnaire. The study showed good parental ratings; the mean overall quality of life score was more than three (out of five), indicating significant gains following cochlear implantation. The greatest scores were for communication abilities, but issues with the implantation procedure and educational components persisted. A strong relationship existed between communication and several quality-of-life dimensions, highlighting communication\'s critical role in improving social interactions, well-being, and self-reliance. From the viewpoint of the parents of Nepalese children with cochlear implants, the current research represents a significant change in our knowledge of their quality of life. Even though there have been significant gains, targeted interventions are necessary to address post-implantation problems and educational challenges. The study recommends customized support networks and academic achievements to help Nepal\'s children with cochlear implant treatments.

Capacity building in migration and health in higher education is key to better, sustainable, and equitable health care provision. However, developments so far have been patchy, non-structural, and often unsustainable. While training programs have been evaluated and competency standards developed, perspectives from individual teachers are hardly accessible. We present expert perspectives from five European countries to illustrate good examples in higher education and identify gaps to further the advancement of capacity building in migration and health. Based on these perspectives, we have identified thematic areas at four levels: conceptual evolution, policy and implementation, organization at the academic level and teaching materials and pedagogies. Finally, we propose creating spaces to share concrete educational practices and experiences for adaptation and replication. We summarize key recommendations for the advancement of capacity building in migration and health.

This study examined teachers\' inclusion of digital citizenship elements in elementary school curricula. Employing a quantitative research design, the study utilized a survey questionnaire as the primary data collection instrument. A quantitative approach was employed in this study because it could efficiently measure the extent and variance of digital citizenship inclusion across diverse teacher demographics, enabling statistically significant comparisons and actionable insights for curriculum development. The sample consisted of 300 elementary school teachers at an educational institution in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The questionnaire assessed the degree to which participants incorporated digital citizenship elements, including respect for self and others, self-education and communication with others, and protecting oneself and others, in curricula. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and one-way ANOVA tests. The findings revealed significant differences in teachers\' inclusion of digital citizenship elements based on age, grade level of instruction, and taught subject matter. The study highlights the importance of tailoring digital citizenship education to meet the diverse needs of teachers. These findings contribute to the development of targeted professional development programs and curriculum frameworks that foster responsible and ethical digital participation. The study also holds pedagogical significance by emphasizing the need to account for variations in digital citizenship inclusion across teacher demographics.

BACKGROUND: University-based mental health services are crucial to supporting radiography students\' mental health and addressing university mental health risk factors. This study aimed to identify factors causing mental health challenges among radiography students, understand their academic impact, and explore lecturers\' potential roles in supporting students\' well-being at a Zimbabwean tertiary institution.
METHODS: A qualitative explorative study employing in-depth semi-structured interviews with 10 radiography students and eight educators was conducted. The interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim using Otter.ai software. The data was then analyzed inductively using thematic analysis in Nvivo 12, following Braun and Clarke\'s six-step approach.
RESULTS: Three themes were created that describe the factors causing mental health challenges among radiography students, their academic impact, and lecturers\' potential roles in supporting students\' well-being. The themes are i. Mental health challenges in diverse social, personal, and environmental landscapes ii. Coping and building resilience, and iii. Educator roles in holistic support for mental health and personal growth. A six-step \"Cascade\" model of the educator roles was proposed.
CONCLUSIONS: The study highlights the complex mental health issues faced by radiography students, emphasizing the need for increased attention, resources, and support in academic environments. It highlights the importance of encouraging healthy coping strategies and cultivating a well-being culture, with educators playing a crucial role in fostering friendly environments and providing comprehensive support. Future research should investigate educators\' ability to take on these roles while maintaining their current duties in Education 5.0.

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UNASSIGNED: To systematically explore the barriers and facilitators experienced by patients with heart failure when using the most popular commercially-accessible digital exergaming platforms for self-management.
UNASSIGNED: A systematic literature search was conducted in: Embase, SCOPUS, PubMed, and ProQuest. Qualitative/mixed methods studies published in English between 2000 and 2024, including adults >18 years with heart failure using digital gaming platforms for exercise as self-management (i.e. Microsoft Xbox/Kinect, Sony PlayStation®, Nintendo™ Wii) were considered. Risk of bias was assessed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Program. The grounded theory method was used to extract, analyze, and synthesize the data.
UNASSIGNED: Three articles which qualitatively reported on the experiences of the patients with heart failure when using Nintendo™ Wii for self-management were included. Seventy-nine participants (male and female, age 32-81 years) were included in the studies. The three included studies were of high quality. Extracted qualitative data were grouped into subthemes, which were grouped into main themes, namely, Engagement, Apathy, Convenience, Health-related benefits and Gaming Platforms. The main themes were categorized into Barriers and Facilitators. Patients reported that gaming platforms were simple, easy to use, interesting, and motivating (Facilitators). Boredom while playing specific games, preferring other activities and technical issues were reported as Barriers.
UNASSIGNED: This review provides the first insights into the barriers and facilitators patients with heart failure experience when using popular digital exergaming platforms to participate in exercise programs in the self-management of their condition. However, few high-quality studies exist which limits the conclusions made and warrants further research in this area.