铁基生物炭在降解新兴污染物和水环境修复方面具有巨大潜力。在这项研究中,通过杨树木屑和K2FeO4在800°C的共热解合成了高效催化Fe0/生物炭(MZB-800)。提出了一种用于MZB-800的预还原,然后进行PMS活化的新型净水技术,以降解难降解的2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸(2,4-D)农药。强氧化钾盐的腐蚀作用使MZB-800表面具有更多的Fe0和多孔结构,实现更大的2,4-D吸附结合能。MZB-800对2,4-D的去除效率高于以FeCl3·6H2O为前驱体制备的生物炭(BC)和常规Fe0/生物炭(Fe-BC)。提出的新型水净化技术显示了界面预还原和MZB-800衍生的PMS活化之间的协同作用。关于2,4-D降解和脱氯性能,MZB-800的还原前和随后的PMS激活之间的协同系数分别为2和1.4。基于归一化动力学分析和Langmuir-Hinshelwood模型,我们提出了MZB-800界面预还原和随后的PMS活化以协同去除2,4-D的潜在机理。在预还原阶段,Fe0和对苯二酚结构在MZB-800表面上积累的大量Fe2和羟基密度为随后的PMS活化提供了丰富的活性位点。提高了活化反应速率,产生了更多的活性氧,2,4-D的去除效率进一步加强这项工作表明,铁基生物炭预还原/PMS活化的新型净水技术对于去除水环境中的新兴污染物是可行的。环境意义:大量滥用具有高溶解性和难降解性的2,4-二氯苯氧基乙酸(2,4-D)除草剂导致环境污染和生态恶化。这份手稿描述了一种新颖的净水技术,以高效Fe0/生物炭为中心,利用预还原和PMS再活化策略协同降解2,4-D,具有很强的环境相关性。通过阐明协同去除机理,这项研究提供了去除新兴污染物的宝贵见解,从而促进环境可持续性和保护生态系统健康。总的来说,这是非常重要的是提供一种可行的和有效的方法,从水环境中去除有害的2,4-D,这有助于解决紧迫的环境问题。
Iron-based biochar exhibits great potential in degrading emerging pollutants and remediation of water environments. In this study, a highly efficient catalytic Fe0/biochar (MZB-800) was synthesized by the co-pyrolysis of poplar sawdust and K2FeO4 at 800 °C. A novel water purification technology of pre-reduction followed by PMS activation for MZB-800 was proposed to degrade the refractory 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) pesticide. The corrosive effect of the strong oxidizing potassium salt endowed the MZB-800 surface with more Fe0 and porous structure, achieving greater 2,4-D adsorption binding energy. The removal efficiency of MZB-800 on 2,4-D was greater than that of biochar (BC) and conventional Fe0/biochar (Fe-BC) prepared by FeCl3·6 H2O as the precursor. The proposed novel water purification technology showed the synergistic effect between the interfacial pre-reduction and the PMS activation derived by MZB-800. Regarding 2,4-D degradation and dechlorination performance, the synergistic coefficient between pre-reduction and subsequent PMS activation for MZB-800 were 2 and 1.4 respectively. Based on the normalized kinetic analysis and the Langmuir-Hinshelwood model, we proposed the underlying mechanism of MZB-800 interfacial pre-reduction and subsequent PMS activation for synergistic removal of 2,4-D. The large amount of Fe2+ and hydroxyl density accumulated by the Fe0 and hydroquinone structures on the MZB-800 surface during the pre-reduction stage provided abundant active sites for the subsequent activation of PMS. The improved activation reaction rate generated more reactive oxygen species, further strengthening the removal efficiency of 2,4-D. This work manifested that the novel water purification technology of pre-reduction/PMS activation of iron-based biochar is feasible for removing emerging pollutants in the water environment. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATION: Extensive abuse of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) herbicide with high solubility and refractory degradation has caused environmental pollution and ecological deterioration. This manuscript described a novel water purification technology, centered on high-efficiency Fe0/biochar and utilizing pre-reduction and PMS reactivation strategies to synergistically degrade 2,4-D, which had strong environmental relevance. By elucidating the synergistic removal mechanism, the research provided valuable insights into removing emerging pollutants, thus promoting environmental sustainability and safeguarding ecosystem health. Overall, it is of high importance to provide a feasible and efficient method for removing hazardous 2,4-D from water environments, which contributes to addressing pressing environmental problems.