糖尿病视网膜病变,视力障碍的主要原因,以视网膜微血管并发症为标志,包括周细胞损失,早期疾病的关键指标。这项研究探讨了从永生化脂肪间充质干细胞分化为周细胞样细胞的外泌体在恢复高糖条件下受损的小鼠视网膜微血管内皮细胞功能中的治疗潜力。从而有助于了解早期糖尿病视网膜病变的干预策略。诱导永生化脂肪间充质干细胞分化为周细胞样细胞,这项研究采用了周细胞生长补充剂。并通过免疫印迹和免疫荧光检测α-平滑肌肌动蛋白和神经/神经胶质抗原2的表达证实了细胞分化的成功。使用超速离心从永生化脂肪间充质干细胞的培养上清液中分离外泌体,并通过Western印迹表征外泌体标记(CD9,CD81和TSG101)。透射电子显微镜,和纳米粒子跟踪分析。通过各种功能测定评估了它们在高葡萄糖应激下对小鼠视网膜微血管内皮细胞的影响。研究结果表明外泌体,特别是来自周细胞样永生化脂肪间充质干细胞的细胞,被视网膜微血管内皮细胞有效内化,并有效抵抗高糖诱导的细胞凋亡。这些外泌体还减轻了活性氧水平的升高,并抑制了视网膜微血管内皮细胞的迁移和血管生成特性,正如Transwell和试管形成试验所证明的那样,分别。此外,它们保留了内皮屏障功能,降低高血糖引起的通透性。在分子水平上,qRT-PCR分析表明,外泌体处理调节了参与血管生成的关键基因的表达(VEGF-A,ANG2,MMP9),炎症(IL-1β,TNF-α),间隙连接通信(CX43),和细胞骨架调节(ROCK1),最突出的效果是来自周细胞样永生化脂肪间充质干细胞的外泌体。高糖增加促血管生成和促炎标志物的表达,外泌体治疗后有效正常化。总之,这项研究强调了周细胞样分化永生化脂肪间充质干细胞分泌的外泌体在逆转高糖对视网膜微血管内皮细胞的有害影响方面的修复能力.通过减少细胞凋亡,氧化应激,炎症,和异常的血管生成行为,这些外泌体为早期糖尿病视网膜病变的治疗干预提供了有希望的途径.未来的研究可以集中在阐明精确的分子机制和探索其在体内的翻译潜力。
Diabetic retinopathy, a leading cause of vision impairment, is marked by microvascular complications in the retina, including
pericyte loss, a key indicator of early-stage disease. This study explores the therapeutic potential of exosomes derived from immortalized adipose-mesenchymal stem cells differentiated into pericyte-like cells in restoring the function of mouse retinal microvascular endothelial cells damaged by high glucose conditions, thereby contributing to the understanding of early diabetic retinopathy intervention strategies. To induce immortalized adipose-mesenchymal stem cells differentiation into
pericyte-like cells, the study employed
pericyte growth supplement. And confirmed the success of cell differentiation through the detection of α-smooth muscle actin and neural/glial antigen 2 expression by Western blot and immunofluorescence. Exosomes were isolated from the culture supernatant of immortalized adipose-mesenchymal stem cells using ultracentrifugation and characterized through Western blot for exosomal markers (CD9, CD81, and TSG101), transmission electron microscopy, and nanoparticle tracking analysis. Their influence on mouse retinal microvascular endothelial cells under high glucose stress was assessed through various functional assays. Findings revealed that exosomes, especially those from
pericyte-like immortalized adipose-mesenchymal stem cells, were efficiently internalized by retinal microvascular endothelial cells and effectively counteracted high glucose-induced apoptosis. These exosomes also mitigated the rise in reactive oxygen species levels and suppressed the migratory and angiogenic properties of retinal microvascular endothelial cells, as demonstrated by Transwell and tube formation assays, respectively. Furthermore, they preserved endothelial barrier function, reducing hyperglycemia-induced permeability. At the molecular level, qRT-PCR analysis showed that exosome treatment modulated the expression of critical genes involved in angiogenesis (VEGF-A, ANG2, MMP9), inflammation (IL-1β, TNF-α), gap junction communication (CX43), and cytoskeletal regulation (ROCK1), with the most prominent effects seen with exosomes from pericyte-like immortalized adipose-mesenchymal stem cells. High glucose increased the expression of pro-angiogenic and pro-inflammatory markers, which were effectively normalized post-exosome treatment. In conclusion, this research highlights the reparative capacity of exosomes secreted by
pericyte-like differentiated immortalized adipose-mesenchymal stem cells in reversing the detrimental effects of high glucose on retinal microvascular endothelial cells. By reducing apoptosis, oxidative stress, inflammation, and abnormal angiogenic behavior, these exosomes present a promising avenue for therapeutic intervention in early diabetic retinopathy. Future studies can focus on elucidating the precise molecular mechanisms and exploring their translational potential in vivo.