近年来,核酸已经成为强大的生物材料,彻底改变了生物医学领域。这篇综述探讨了核酸的多方面应用,专注于它们在各种生物医学应用中的关键作用。核酸,包括脱氧核糖核酸(DNA)和核糖核酸(RNA),具有独特的性质,如分子识别能力,可编程性,易于合成,使它们成为生物传感和基因调控的通用工具,药物输送,和靶向治疗。它们与化学修饰的相容性增强了它们的结合亲和力和抗降解性,提高其在目标应用中的有效性。此外,核酸已经发现了作为自组装构件的效用,导致产生纳米结构,其高阶支撑其增强的生物稳定性并影响细胞摄取效率。此外,这篇综述探讨了寡核苷酸(ODN)作为生物学研究和生物标志物发现不可或缺的工具的重要作用.ODN,核酸的短序列,在解开复杂的生物机制方面发挥了重要作用。它们作为研究基因表达的探针,蛋白质相互作用,和细胞通路,提供对基本生物过程的宝贵见解。通过检查核酸作为强大的生物材料和ODN作为生物研究和生物标志物不可或缺的工具之间的协同相互作用,这篇综述强调了这些分子对生物医学研究的转化影响。它们的多功能应用不仅加深了我们对生物系统的理解,而且是诊断和治疗创新的驱动力。最终推进生物医学领域。
In recent years, nucleic acids have emerged as powerful biomaterials, revolutionizing the field of biomedicine. This review explores the multifaceted applications of nucleic acids, focusing on their pivotal role in various biomedical applications. Nucleic acids, including deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA), possess unique properties such as molecular recognition ability, programmability, and ease of synthesis, making them versatile tools in biosensing and for gene regulation, drug delivery, and targeted therapy. Their compatibility with chemical modifications enhances their binding affinity and resistance to degradation, elevating their effectiveness in targeted applications. Additionally, nucleic acids have found utility as self-assembling building blocks, leading to the creation of nanostructures whose high order underpins their enhanced biological stability and affects the cellular uptake efficiency. Furthermore, this review delves into the significant role of oligonucleotides (ODNs) as indispensable tools for biological studies and biomarker discovery. ODNs, short sequences of nucleic acids, have been instrumental in unraveling complex biological mechanisms. They serve as probes for studying gene expression, protein interactions, and cellular pathways, providing invaluable insights into fundamental biological processes. By examining the synergistic interplay between nucleic acids as powerful biomaterials and ODNs as indispensable tools for biological studies and biomarkers, this review highlights the transformative impact of these molecules on biomedical research. Their versatile applications not only deepen our understanding of biological systems but also are the driving force for innovation in diagnostics and therapeutics, ultimately advancing the field of biomedicine.