近几十年来,城市化在全球范围内不断增加,推动环境变化,对野生动物施加新的选择压力。城市和农村个体之间的表型差异已在多个分类单元中得到广泛记录。然而,城市化对交配策略的影响程度鲜为人知。这里,我们调查了在华沙城市化梯度中的巢箱中繁殖的大山雀(大山雀)和蓝山雀(仙人掌)的配对亲子关系变化,波兰,超过三个繁殖季节。城市化被量化为光污染的数量,噪音污染,不透水的表面积(ISA)和树木覆盖在每个巢箱周围的100米半径内。我们通过基因分型测序方法获得了7344个SNP标记的1213个大山雀和9366个SNP标记的1299个蓝山雀的基因型,并通过计算全基因组相关度矩阵来推断配对亲子关系。我们报告说,在城市化程度较高的地区,蓝山雀繁殖的配对亲子关系更高,例如,有更高的光污染和ISA,和较低的树盖。然而,在大山雀中没有发现这种趋势。两个物种中单个雏鸟的后期生存与亲子关系或城市化代理无关,因此,我们无法发现健身的好处或缺点,作为一个额外的一对子女的城市化。我们的结果有助于越来越多的知识报告城市化对鸟类生态和行为的影响,并确认配对外亲子关系变异的物种特异性和种群特异性模式。
Urbanisation has been increasing worldwide in recent decades, driving environmental change and exerting novel selective pressures on wildlife. Phenotypic differences between urban and rural individuals have been widely documented in several taxa. However, the extent to which urbanisation impacts mating strategies is less known. Here, we investigated extra-pair
paternity variation in great tits (Parus major) and blue tits (Cyanistes caeruleus) breeding in nestboxes set in a gradient of urbanisation in Warsaw, Poland, over three breeding seasons. Urbanisation was quantified as the amount of light pollution, noise pollution, impervious surface area (ISA) and tree cover within a 100-m radius around each nestbox. We obtained genotypes for 1213 great tits at 7344 SNP markers and for 1299 blue tits at 9366 SNP markers with a genotyping-by-sequencing method, and inferred extra-pair
paternity by computing a genomewide relatedness matrix. We report higher extra-pair
paternity in blue tits breeding in more urbanised areas, for example, with higher light pollution and ISA, and lower tree cover. However, no such trend was found in great tits. Late-stage survival of individual nestlings in both species was not associated with
paternity or urbanisation proxies, thus we were not able to detect fitness benefits or drawbacks of being an extra-pair offspring in relation to urbanisation. Our results contribute to the growing body of knowledge reporting on the effects of urbanisation on avian ecology and behaviour, and confirm species-specific and population-specific patterns of extra-pair
paternity variation.