Partheniumhysterophorus,一种遍布全球的杂草,由于其侵入性,对农业生态系统构成了重大威胁。在这项研究中,我们调查了P的叶绿体基因组。我们的分析表明,紫草的叶绿体基因组跨度为151,881个碱基对(bp)。它表现出叶绿体基因组中常见的典型四方结构,包括25,085bp的反向重复区(IR),一个18,052bp的小的单拷贝(SSC)区域,和83,588bp的大型单拷贝(LSC)区域。在P.hysterophorphorus叶绿体基因组中总共鉴定出129个独特基因,包括85个蛋白质编码基因,36个tRNAs,和八个rRNA基因。对P.hysterophorus质体与Heliantheae部落相关物种的比较分析揭示了保守的结构和有趣的变异。虽然许多结构元素在物种之间共享,我们发现了一个重排在大的单拷贝区。此外,我们的研究强调了几个特定基因的显著基因差异,即matK,ndhF,clpp,rps16,ndhA,rps3和ndhD。基于72个共享基因的系统发育分析将P.hysterophorus与另一个物种一起置于不同的进化枝中,P.阿根廷。此外,Parthenium属和向日葵(向日葵)之间的估计差异时间约为1510万年前(Mya)。这些发现提供了有价值的见解的进化史和遗传关系,随着时间的推移,它的发散和适应发光。
Parthenium hysterophorus, a globally widespread weed, poses a significant threat to agricultural ecosystems due to its invasive nature. We investigated the chloroplast genome of P. hysterophorus in this study. Our analysis revealed that the chloroplast genome of P. hysterophorus spans a length of 151,881 base pairs (bp). It exhibits typical quadripartite structure commonly found in chloroplast genomes, including inverted repeat regions (IR) of 25,085 bp, a small single copy (SSC) region of 18,052 bp, and a large single copy (LSC) region of 83,588 bp. A total of 129 unique genes were identified in P. hysterophorus chloroplast genomes, including 85 protein-coding genes, 36 tRNAs, and eight rRNAs genes. Comparative analysis of the P. hysterophorus plastome with those of related species from the tribe Heliantheae revealed both conserved structures and intriguing variations. While many structural elements were shared among the species, we identified a rearrangement in the large single-copy region of P. hysterophorus. Moreover, our study highlighted notable gene divergence in several specific genes, namely matK, ndhF, clpP, rps16, ndhA, rps3, and ndhD. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 72 shared genes placed P. hysterophorus in a distinct clade alongside another species, P. argentatum. Additionally, the estimated divergence time between the Parthenium genus and Helianthus (sunflowers) was approximately 15.1 million years ago (Mya). These findings provide valuable insights into the evolutionary history and genetic relationships of P. hysterophorus, shedding light on its divergence and adaptation over time.