背景:健康服务提供商密切监视幼儿的发育状态,以确定影响此过程的因素,因为在此期间的任何缺陷都会造成不可逆转的损害。因此,这项研究调查了伊朗幼儿的营养行为和亲子互动与发育领域的关系。
方法:这个横截面,本研究于2021-2022年对德黑兰南部综合卫生中心覆盖的341名12-36个月的幼儿进行了描述性分析研究.通过单阶段整群抽样选择参与者。为此,随机选择16个综合卫生中心,然后随机选择每个中心的一些客户作为样本。通过年龄和阶段问卷(ASQ)收集所需的数据,儿童饮食行为问卷(CEBQ),子女-父母关系量表(CPRS),和人口统计形式。然后在SPSS-21中使用描述性和推断性统计学对它们进行统计学分析,考虑P<0.05的显著性水平。
结果:结果显示,大多数参与者在所有发育领域都是正常的(交流,毛马达,精细电机,个人社会,和解决问题),平均发育延迟为1.8%至7%。需要医疗转诊的参与者中最严重的问题与粗大运动(7%)有关,平均为54.35±7.28,其次是交流(6.5%),平均为49.41±9.67。参与者的平均营养行为为77.9±21.7。参与者的营养行为与发展的问题解决领域之间存在显着关系(p=0.018)。结果还表明平均亲子互动得分为94.26±12.63。亲子互动与交流发展领域之间存在显着关系(p=0.04)。
结论:由于幼儿发育的某些领域受到儿童营养行为和亲子互动的影响,有必要培训家庭识别,监视器,纠正影响孩子发育的因素。还建议卫生系统官员和计划人员制定干预措施,以改善儿童的营养行为和亲子互动。
BACKGROUND: Health service providers closely monitor the developmental state of toddlers to identify the factors affecting this process because any defect during this period will cause irreversible damage. Therefore, this study investigated the relationship of nutritional behaviors and parent-child interactions with the developmental domains of Iranian toddlers.
METHODS: This cross-sectional, descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 341 toddlers aged 12-36 months covered by comprehensive health centers in the south of Tehran in 2021-2022. The participants were selected through single-stage cluster sampling. To this end, 16 comprehensive health centers were randomly selected, and then some of the clients from each center were randomly selected as the sample. The required data were collected through the Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ), the Children\'s Eating Behavior Questionnaire (CEBQ), the Child-Parent Relationship Scale (CPRS), and a demographics form. They were then analyzed statistically using descriptive and inferential statistics in SPSS-21, considering a significance level of p < 0.05.
RESULTS: The results showed that most participants were normal in all developmental domains (communication, gross motor, fine motor, personal-social, and problem-solving), with a mean developmental delay ranging from 1.8 to 7%. The most serious problem of participants requiring medical referral was related to gross motor (7%) with a mean of 54.35 ± 7.28 followed by communication (6.5%) with a mean of 49.41 ± 9.67. The mean nutritional behavior of participants was 77.9 ± 21.7. A significant relationship was found between the nutritional behaviors of participants and the problem-solving domain of development (p = 0.018). The results also indicated a mean parent-child interaction score of 94.26 ± 12.63. There was a significant relationship between parent-child interactions and the communication area of development (p = 0.04).
CONCLUSIONS: Since some areas of toddler development are influenced by children\'s nutritional behavior and parent-child interactions, it is necessary to train families to identify, monitor, and correct the factors affecting the development of their children. Health system officials and planners are also recommended to develop interventions to improve the nutritional behaviors of children and parent-child interactions.