北欧和高山滑雪相关的视觉任务,如识别山丘轮廓,斜坡特性,和雪的条件增加了对对比度处理和其他视觉功能的要求。进行了前瞻性观察性研究,以评估患有视力障碍的北欧和高山滑雪者的滑雪性能与广泛的视觉功能之间的关系。这项研究假设对比敏感度(CS),视敏度(VA),和视野(VF)将预测滑雪性能。双眼静态VA,CS,光敏感度,眩光敏感度,眩光恢复,动态VA,平移和径向运动感知,和VF在优秀的北欧滑雪运动员(n=26)和高山滑雪运动员(n=15)中进行了评估。滑雪表现是根据滑雪者的原始比赛时间进行评估的。使用Kendall的相关性(有和没有Bonferroni-Holm校正)和线性多变量回归(p<0.05被认为是显着的),将视觉功能测试的表现与滑雪表现进行了比较。应用Bonferroni-Holm矫正后,视力变量均与准北滑雪或准高山滑雪的表现无明显相关性。在应用更正之前,VF范围(ρ=-0.37,p=0.011),和静态VA(ρ=0.26,p=0.066)表明与Para北欧滑雪性能的相关性最强;在Para高山滑雪中,静态VA和CS与下坡表现出最强的相关性(静态VA:ρ=0.54,p=0.046,CS:ρ=-0.50,p=0.06),超G(静态VA:ρ=0.50,p=0.007,CS:ρ=-0.51,p=0.017),和大回转(静态VA:ρ=0.57,p=0.01,CS:ρ=-0.46,p=0.017)性能。动态VA和VF与下坡(ρ=0.593,p=0.04)和激流回旋(ρ=-0.49,p=0.013)性能显着相关,分别。静态VA是大回转的显著预测因子[(F(3,11)=24.71,p<0.001),R为0.87],superG[(F(3,9)=17.34,p=0.002),R为0.85],和激流回旋[(F(3,11)=11.8,p=0.002),R为0.80]性能,但CS和VF没有。有趣的是,静态VA和CS在常模(ρ=-0.60,p<0.001)和常模(ρ=-0.80,p<0.001)滑雪者中高度相关。在视觉变量中,只有静态VA和VF与滑雪性能相关,应包括在北欧准山和高山准山分类中。这些患有视力障碍的滑雪者中静态VA和CS之间的强相关性可能掩盖了CS与滑雪性能之间的关系。
Nordic and alpine skiing-related visual tasks such as identifying hill contours, slope characteristics, and snow conditions increase demands on contrast processing and other visual functions. Prospective observational studies were conducted to assess the relationships between skiing performance and a broad range of visual functions in nordic and alpine skiers with vision impairments. The study hypothesized that contrast sensitivity (CS), visual acuity (VA), and visual field (VF) would be predictive of skiing performance. Binocular static VA, CS, light sensitivity, glare sensitivity, glare recovery, dynamic VA, translational and radial motion perception, and VF were assessed in elite Para nordic (n = 26) and Para alpine (n = 15) skiers. Skiing performance was assessed based on skiers\' raw race times. Performance on the visual function tests was compared with skiing performances using Kendall\'s correlations (with and without Bonferroni-Holm corrections) and linear multivariable regressions (p < 0.05 considered significant). None of the vision variables were significantly correlated with performance in Para nordic or Para alpine skiing after Bonferroni-Holm corrections were applied. Before applying the corrections, VF extent (ρ = -0.37, p = 0.011), and static VA (ρ = 0.26, p = 0.066) demonstrated the strongest correlations with Para nordic skiing performance; in Para alpine skiing, static VA and CS demonstrated the strongest correlations with downhill (static VA: ρ = 0.54, p = 0.046, CS: ρ = -0.50, p = 0.06), super G (static VA: ρ = 0.50, p = 0.007, CS: ρ = -0.51, p = 0.017), and giant slalom (static VA: ρ = 0.57, p = 0.01, CS: ρ = -0.46, p = 0.017) performance. Dynamic VA and VF were significantly associated with downhill (ρ = 0.593, p = 0.04) and slalom (ρ = -0.49, p = 0.013) performances, respectively. Static VA was a significant predictor of giant slalom [(F(3,11) = 24.71, p < 0.001), and R of 0.87], super G [(F(3,9) = 17.34, p = 0.002), and R of 0.85], and slalom [(F(3,11) = 11.8, p = 0.002), and R of 0.80] performance, but CS and VF were not. Interestingly, static VA and CS were highly correlated in both Para nordic (ρ = -0.60, p < 0.001) and Para alpine (ρ = -0.80, p < 0.001) skiers. Of the vision variables, only static VA and VF were associated with skiing performance and should be included as the in Para nordic and Para alpine classifications. The strong correlations between static VA and CS in these skiers with vision impairment may have masked relationships between CS and skiing performance.