先前的研究表明,dalbergin(DL)的有效性,dalbergin纳米制剂(DLF),和dalbergin负载的PLGA-半乳糖修饰的纳米颗粒(DLMF)在治疗肝细胞癌(HCC)细胞。本研究构建了我们先前的研究,并深入研究了DLF和DLMF抗癌作用的分子机制。这项研究检查了DL的抗癌作用,DLF,二乙基亚硝胺(DEN)诱导的白化Wistar大鼠肝癌模型和DLMF。此外,我们做了生化检查,抗氧化剂,脂质轮廓测试,和肝组织的组织学研究。DLMF的抗癌功效与5-氟尿嘧啶相当,一种商业上可获得的HCC疗法。免疫印迹研究显示许多凋亡标志物的表达减少,如p53,BAX,和Cyt-C,在HCC中。相反,Bcl-2、TNF-α、NFκB,p-AKT,STAT-3升高。然而,DL的管理,DLF,DLMF有效地控制了这些凋亡标志物的水平,导致Bcl-2,TNF-α,NFκB,p-AKT,和STAT-3。具体来说,TNF-α和STAT-3的激活触发了包括Bcl-2蛋白家族的信号通路,Cyt-C,caspase3和9。这最终导致细胞凋亡和细胞生长的抑制。此外,使用1HNMR的代谢组学分析表明,治疗后动物的代谢物恢复到正常水平。
Prior research has shown the effectiveness of dalbergin (DL), dalbergin nanoformulation (DLF), and dalbergin-loaded PLGA-galactose-modified nanoparticles (DLMF) in treating hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. The present investigation constructs upon our previous research and delves into the molecular mechanisms contributing to the anticancer effects of DLF and DLMF. This study examined the anti-cancer effects of DL, DLF, and DLMF by diethyl nitrosamine (DEN)-induced HCC model in albino Wistar rats. In addition, we performed biochemical, antioxidant, lipid profile tests, and histological studies of liver tissue. The anticancer efficacy of DLMF is equivalent to that of 5-fluorouracil, a commercially available therapy for HCC. Immunoblotting studies revealed a reduction in the expression of many apoptotic markers, such as p53, BAX, and Cyt-C, in HCC. Conversely, the expression of Bcl-2, TNF-α, NFκB, p-AKT, and STAT-3 was elevated. Nevertheless, the administration of DL, DLF, and DLMF effectively controlled the levels of these apoptotic markers, resulting in a considerable decrease in the expression of Bcl-2, TNF-α, NFκB, p-AKT, and STAT-3. Specifically, the activation of TNF-alpha and STAT-3 triggers the signalling pathways that include the Bcl-2 family of proteins, Cyt-C, caspase 3, and 9. This ultimately leads to apoptosis and the suppression of cell growth. Furthermore, metabolomic analysis using 1H NMR indicated that the metabolites of animals reverted to normal levels after the treatment.