光动力疗法(PDT)不仅可以直接消除癌细胞,还能刺激抗肿瘤免疫反应。它还影响免疫检查点的表达。这次审查的目的是收集,分析,总结最近关于PDT和免疫检查点的新闻,以及它们的抑制剂,并确定可能提高这种方法有效性的未来研究方向。在PubMed/MEDLINE上搜索了2023年1月至2024年3月之间发表的研究文章。合格标准如下:(1)描述PDT和免疫检查点的论文,(2)只有原创性研究论文,(3)仅描述PDT和免疫检查点领域的新报告的论文,和(4)体外和体内论文。排除标准包括(1)用波兰语或英语以外的语言撰写的论文,(2)复习论文,(3)2023年1月之前发表的论文。自2023年1月以来,已经发表了24篇描述PDT和免疫检查点新数据的论文。其中包括PDT对免疫检查点影响的信息,并试图将PDT与ICI和其他分子联系起来以调节免疫检查点,改善肿瘤的免疫抑制环境,并解决PDT相关问题。他们还专注于开发新的纳米颗粒,这些纳米颗粒可以改善光敏剂和药物选择性地向肿瘤的递送。PDT对免疫检查点水平和免疫系统相关活性的影响尚未得到进一步充分阐明。这方面的报道有分歧,表明PDT和免疫系统之间相互作用的复杂性。已经显示基于PDT的策略对ICI向肿瘤的递送具有有益效果。PDT通过参与免疫原性细胞死亡的触发来增强抗肿瘤反应的诱导,肿瘤抗原的暴露,以及各种警报信号的释放,共同促进树突状细胞和免疫系统其他成分的激活也已被证明,结果PDT可以增强ICI治疗诱导的抗肿瘤免疫应答。PDT还可以对肿瘤的免疫抑制环境进行多方面的调节,因此,ICI治疗有可能获得更好的抗肿瘤疗效。当前的综述提供了PDT调节免疫检查点水平的能力以及PDT与ICI和其他分子在诱导针对癌细胞的有效免疫反应中的有效性的证据。然而,这些研究还处于早期阶段,需要进行更多的观察以证实其疗效.指出的新研究方向可能有助于制定进一步的战略。
Photodynamic therapy (
PDT) can not only directly eliminate cancer cells, but can also stimulate antitumor immune responses. It also affects the expression of immune checkpoints. The purpose of this review is to collect, analyze, and summarize recent news about
PDT and immune checkpoints, along with their inhibitors, and to identify future research directions that may enhance the effectiveness of this approach. A search for research articles published between January 2023 and March 2024 was conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE. Eligibility criteria were as follows: (1) papers describing PDT and immune checkpoints, (2) only original research papers, (3) only papers describing new reports in the field of
PDT and immune checkpoints, and (4) both in vitro and in vivo papers. Exclusion criteria included (1) papers written in a language other than Polish or English, (2) review papers, and (3) papers published before January 2023. 24 papers describing new data on PDT and immune checkpoints have been published since January 2023. These included information on the effects of
PDT on immune checkpoints, and attempts to associate
PDT with ICI and with other molecules to modulate immune checkpoints, improve the immunosuppressive environment of the tumor, and resolve PDT-related problems. They also focused on the development of new nanoparticles that can improve the delivery of photosensitizers and drugs selectively to the tumor. The effect of
PDT on the level of immune checkpoints and the associated activity of the immune system has not been fully elucidated further, and reports in this area are divergent, indicating the complexity of the interaction between PDT and the immune system. PDT-based strategies have been shown to have a beneficial effect on the delivery of ICI to the tumor. The utility of PDT in enhancing the induction of the antitumor response by participating in the triggering of immunogenic cell death, the exposure of tumor antigens, and the release of various alarm signals that together promote the activation of dendritic cells and other components of the immune system has also been demonstrated, with the result that PDT can enhance the antitumor immune response induced by ICI therapy. PDT also enables multifaceted regulation of the tumor\'s immunosuppressive environment, as a result of which ICI therapy has the potential to achieve better antitumor efficacy. The current review has presented evidence of PDT\'s ability to modulate the level of immune checkpoints and the effectiveness of the association of PDT with ICIs and other molecules in inducing an effective immune response against cancer cells. However, these studies are at an early stage and many more observations need to be made to confirm their efficacy. The new research directions indicated may contribute to the development of further strategies.