Ultrathin electrospun poly (l-lactide-co-dl-lactide) nanofibrous membranes coated with fibronectin were explored as scaffolds for the ex vivo cultivation of limbal epithelial cells (LECs) for the treatment of limbal stem cell deficiency. The developed scaffolds were compared with the \"gold-standard\" fibrin gel. The resulting membranes composed of nanofibers possessed a very low thickness of 4 μm and allowed very good optical transparency in the wet state. The fibronectin-coated nanofibrous scaffolds demonstrated LEC expansion and successful cultivation similar to that on fibrin gel. Unlike the regular cobblestone epithelial cell morphology on the fibrin gel, the nanofibrous scaffold presented a mostly irregular epithelial morphology with a shift to a mesenchymal phenotype, as confirmed by the upregulation of profibroblastic genes: ACTA2 (p = 0.023), FBLN1 (p < 0.001), and THY1 (p < 0.001). Both culture conditions revealed comparable expression of stem cell markers, including KLF4, ΔNp63α and ABCG2, emphasizing the promise of polylactide-based nanofibrous membranes for further investigations.

Electrospun (e-spun) fibers are generally regarded as powerful tools for cell growth in tissue regeneration applications, and the possibility of imparting functional properties to these materials represents an increasingly pursued goal. We report herein the preparation of hybrid materials in which an e-spun d,l-polylactic acid matrix, to which chitosan or crystalline nanocellulose was added to improve hydrophilicity, was loaded with different amounts of silver(0) nanoparticles (AgNP) generated onto chestnut shell lignin (CSL) (AgNP@CSL). A solvent-free mechanochemical method was used for efficient (85% of the theoretical value by XRD analysis) Ag(0) production from the reduction of AgNO3 by lignin. For comparison, e-spun fibers containing CSL alone were also prepared. SEM and TEM analyses confirmed the presence of AgNP@CSL (average size 30 nm) on the fibers. Different chemical assays indicated that the AgNP@CSL containing fibers exhibited marked antioxidant properties (EC50 1.6 ± 0.1 mg/mL, DPPH assay), although they were halved with respect to those of the CSL containing fibers, as expected because of the efficient silver ion reduction. All the fibers showed high cytocompatibility toward human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) representative of the self-healing process, and their antibacterial properties were tested against the pathogens Escherichia coli (E. coli), Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Finally, competitive surface colonization as simulated by cocultures of hMSC and E. coli showed that AgNP@CSL loaded fibers offered the cells a targeted protection from infection, thus well balancing cytocompatibility and antibacterial properties.

BACKGROUND: Striae distensae (SD), or stretch marks, result from rapid stretching of the skin due to various factors. Conventional treatments often yield unsatisfactory results, leading to the exploration of alternative methods. Laser-induced microjet technology offers a promising approach for drug delivery to target areas. This study investigates the efficacy of using a microjet injector with poly-d,l-lactic acid for treating SD.
METHODS: Four female participants with SD were treated with poly-d,l-lactic acid solution using a microjet injector over five sessions. Patients were assessed based on severity scales before and after treatment. Topical anesthetics were applied to minimize discomfort. Injection techniques were optimized to reduce side effects such as bleeding and pain.
RESULTS: All patients showed significant improvement in SD appearance after 5-7 treatments. Assessment scales indicated positive outcomes both immediately after treatment and at the 32-week follow-up. Minimal side effects, primarily petechiae, were observed.
CONCLUSIONS: Laser-induced microjet technology offers several advantages, including rapid drug delivery and mechanotransduction effects, promoting skin regeneration. Poly-d,l-lactic acid injections demonstrated effectiveness in treating SD, particularly when delivered via microjet injectors. Patients expressed high satisfaction due to the procedure\'s minimal invasiveness and quick recovery.
CONCLUSIONS: Utilizing a needleless microjet injector with poly-d,l-lactic acid shows promise as a treatment for SD, typically requiring 5-7 sessions for optimal results. Mild petechiae may occur as a common side effect. This approach offers an effective and minimally invasive alternative for addressing this common cosmetic concern.

BACKGROUND: Poly-D, L-lactic acid (PDLLA) is increasingly used as a commercial dermal filler due to its lasting cosmetic properties. Consequently, PDLLA-related vascular complications are increasingly recognized and described. Herein, we describe the first known occurrence of multifocal strokes from the use of PDLLA as a cosmetic dermal filler, and discuss the mechanisms facilitating PDLLA\'s entry into the intracranial arterial system.
METHODS: A middle-aged female presented with acute vision loss of both eyes immediately after dermal injections of PDLLA to her nasolabial folds and infraorbital regions. There were no additional neurological deficits. Dilated fundal examination revealed retinal edema bilaterally, with deposition of filler material in the retinal arteries. Magnetic resonance imaging of her brain and orbits demonstrated multifocal strokes (left caudate head, right medial frontal lobe) and ischemia of the left optic nerve. The temporal proximity of the dermal injections to her symptoms, guided by fundal examination and neuroimaging findings, allowed us to attribute her strokes and ischemic optic neuropathy to PDLLA\'s entry into, and embolism within, the intracranial arterial system. She was treated with hyperbaric oxygen therapy and experience improvement to her right eye\'s vision, although poor vision persisted in her left eye.
CONCLUSIONS: While PDLLA is generally considered safe, its increasing use as a cosmetic filler renders it crucial for physicians to be cognizant of its vascular complications, especially when early recognition and treatment are essential in mitigating their devastating ramifications.

The case report describes the use of ultrasound-activated resorbable implants for surgical repair of comminuted cranial fractures in a 10 years old medium sized mix-breed dog being injured from a horse kick.
Der Fallbericht beschreibt die Verwendung von ultraschallaktivierten resorbierbaren Implantaten zur chirurgischen Reparatur einer Schädeltrümmerfrakturen bei einem 10 Jahre alten mittelgrossen Mischlingshund, der durch einen Pferdetritt verletzt wurde.
Ce rapport de cas décrit l’utilisation d’implants résorbables activés par ultrasons pour la réparation chirurgicale de fractures crâniennes comminutives chez un chien de race moyenne âgé de 10 ans, blessé par un coup de pied de cheval.
Il rapporto di questo caso descrive l’uso di impianti riassorbibili attivati ​​da ultrasuoni per la riparazione chirurgica di fratture craniche comminute in un cane di taglia media e di razza mista di 10 anni ferito da un calcio di cavallo.

This study aimed to assess effects of 3-dimensionally (3D) printed poly-d,l-lactin (PDLLA) on human alveolar bone-derived mesenchymal stem cell (h-ABMSC) osteogenic proliferation and differentiation. Human ABMSCs were cultured and identified using flow cytometry and morphological analysis. Control and PDLLA experimental groups were assessed using a Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) to detect cellular cytotoxicity and proliferative activity. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to determine expression levels of osteogenesis genes including alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx-2), osteopontin (OPN), and osteocalcin (OCN). The results showed that h-ABMSCs were successfully cultured and revealed by microscopic observation. Human ABMSCs were spindle-shaped, with clustered and fish-like primary cells. Cell surface markers were negative for CD34 and positive for CD44 and CD90. PDLLA had no cytotoxicity. Human ABMSCs proliferated normally, and osteogenic differentiation of the cells was observed on the surface of PDLLA. Cellular proliferative activity and expression levels of osteogenesis-related genes of PDLLA and control groups showed no significant difference, including ALP, Runx-2, OPN, and OCN. These results suggest that 3D-printed PDLLA has good cell compatibility and biological activity.

BACKGROUND: Poly-D, L-lactic acid is (PDLLA) a new cosmetic filler. We reported the first case of PDLLA-related devastating complication of multiple branch retinal artery occlusion (BRAO).
METHODS: A 23-year-old female had sudden blindness after injection of PDLLA at the glabella. After emergency intraocular pressure-lowering medicine, ocular massage, steroid pulse therapy, heparin and alprostadil infusion, and subsequent treatments including acupuncture and 40 sessions of hyperbaric oxygen therapy, her best-corrected visual acuity improved from hand motion at 30 cm to 0.3 within 2 months.
CONCLUSIONS: Although safety of PDLLA was evaluated in animal studies and in 16,000 human cases, it could still cause rare but devastating retinal artery occlusion as in the present case. Proper and immediate therapies could still improve patient\'s vision and scotoma. Surgeons should keep in mind the possibility of iatrogenic filler-related retinal artery occlusion.

Peri-implant epithelial sealing is the first line of defense against external pathogens or stimuli; hence, an essential process to prevent peri-implantitis. Laminin 332 (LN332) is the main component of the internal basal lamina and participates in peri-implant epithelial sealing by forming hemidesmosomes (HDs) with integrin α6β4. In this work, poly (D, L-lactide) (PDLLA)-LN332 composite coating was successfully constructed by a method similar to layer-by-layer assembly, displaying staged LN332 release for as long as 28 days. The PDLLA-LN332 composite coating can activate the intracellular PI3K-Akt pathway via binding to cellular integrin α6β4, which can promote adhesion, migration and proliferation of HaCaT cells and further enhance the expression of keratinocyte HD-related molecules, including integrin α6β4, LN332 and plectin. Furthermore, the PDLLA-LN332 composite coating can promote the adhesion, spreading and proliferation of gingival mesenchymal stem cells and accelerate their epithelial differentiation. Therefore, the PDLLA-LN332 composite coating can enhance implant soft tissue sealing, warranting further in vivo study.

UNASSIGNED: Chronic osteomyelitis, including implant-related prosthetic joint infection, is extremely difficult to cure. We develop vancomycin containing release systems from poly(d,l-lactide) (PDLLA) and poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) composites with beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) to treat methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus osteomyelitis. We ask whether vancomycin containing PDLLA/β-TCP and PLGA/β-TCP composites will prevent early biofilm formation, allow cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation, and stimulate osteogenic signaling molecules in the absence of an osteogenic medium.
UNASSIGNED: Composites were produced and characterized with scanning electron microscopy. In vitro vancomycin release was assessed for 6 weeks. Biofilm prevention was calculated by crystal violet staining. Human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs) and osteosarcoma cell (SaOS-2) proliferation and differentiation were assessed with water soluble tetrazolium salt and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction defined osteogenic signaling molecules for hBM-MSCs.
UNASSIGNED: Totally, 3.1 ± 0.2 mg and 3.4 ± 0.4 mg vancomycin released from PDLLA/β-TCP and the PLGA/β-TCP composites, respectively, and inhibited early biofilm formation. hBM-MSCs and SaOS-2 cells proliferated on the composites and stimulated ALP activity of cells. Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) and SRY-Box transcription Factor 9 (SOX9) expressions were, however, lower with composites when compared with control.
UNASSIGNED: Vancomycin containing PDLLA/β-TCP and PLGA/β-TCP composites inhibited early biofilm formation and proliferated and differentiated hBM-MSCs and SaOS-2 cells, but osteogenesis-related RUNX2 and SOX9 transcription factors were not strongly expressed in the absence of an osteogenic medium for 14 days.

Three-dimensional (3D) culture bridges and minimizes the gap between in vitro and in vivo states of cells and various 3D culture systems have been developed according to different approaches. However, most of these approaches are either complicated to operate, or costive to scale up. Therefore, a simple method for stem cell spheroid formation and preservation was proposed using poly(D,L-lactic acid) porous thin film (porous nanosheet), which were fabricated by a roll-to-roll gravure coating method combining a solvent etching process. The obtained porous nanosheet was less than 200 nm in thickness and had an average pore area of 6.6 μm2 with a porosity of 0.887. It offered a semi-adhesive surface for stem cells to form spheroids and maintained the average spheroid diameter below 100 μm for 5 days. In comparison to the spheroids formed in suspension culture, the porous nanosheets improved cell viability and cell division rate, suggesting the better feasibility to be applied as 3D culture scaffolds.