近年来,家禽生产的战略计划强调数量性状,特别是体重和屠体性状(肉产量),以应对人口过剩的挑战。候选基因,如腺苷琥珀酸裂解酶(ADSL),黑皮质素4受体(MC4R),和钙蛋白酶1(CAPN1)在这种情况下发挥了至关重要的作用,因为它们与肌肉生长和身体成分有关。本研究旨在探讨上述基因的多态性和基因表达对体重的影响。增长率(GR),乳房重量(BrW),和大腿重量(TW)在四个不同的鸡品种:Fayoumi,马特鲁,Mamourah,还有Leghorn.PCR-SSCP分析的使用通过鉴定三个检查基因中的各种模式(基因型)揭示了遗传多态性。ADSL,MC4R,CAPN1基因表现出五个,三,和两种不同的基因型,分别。这些多态性与增强经济上重要的生产性状显示出有希望的联系,特别是BW,BrW和TW.此外,在60日龄时对从鸡品种中获得的乳房和大腿组织进行基因表达分析,ADSL和MC4R在Fayoumi和Matrouh品种中表现出值得注意的上调,以及Mamourah和Leghorn的下调。相比之下,大多数品种的CAPN1表达均下降,但在Fayoumi品种中略有增加。总之,这项调查强调了ADSL的重大影响,MC4R,和CAPN1基因在埃及国内鸡品种中具有重要的经济生产性状。因此,这些基因作为重要的分子标记出现,在禽类选择和育种计划中具有潜在的效用,旨在提高生产性能。
In recent years, strategic plans for poultry production have emphasized quantitative traits, particularly body weight and carcass traits (meat yield), in response to overpopulation challenges. Candidate genes such as adenylosuccinate lyase (ADSL), melanocortin-4-receptor (MC4R), and calpain 1 (CAPN1) have played vital roles in this context due to their associations with muscle growth and body composition. This study aims to investigate the influence of polymorphisms and gene expressions of the aforementioned genes on body weight (BW), growth rate (GR), breast weight (BrW), and thigh weight (TW) across four distinct chicken breeds: Fayoumi, Matrouh, Mamourah, and Leghorn. The use of PCR-SSCP analysis revealed genetic polymorphisms through the identification of various patterns (genotypes) within the three examined genes. The ADSL, MC4R, and CAPN1 genes exhibited five, three, and two different genotypes, respectively. These polymorphisms displayed promising connections with enhancing economically significant production traits, particularly BW, BrW and TW. Furthermore, gene expression analyses were conducted on breast and thigh tissues obtained from the chicken breeds at 60 days of age, where ADSL and MC4R exhibited a noteworthy up-regulation in Fayoumi and Matrouh breeds, and down-regulation in Mamourah and Leghorn. In contrast, CAPN1 expression decreased across most breeds with a slight increase noted in Fayoumi breed. In conclusion, this investigation underscores the substantial impact of ADSL, MC4R, and CAPN1 genes on economically important production traits within Egyptian domestic chicken breeds. Consequently, these genes emerge as significant molecular markers, holding potential utility in avian selection and breeding programs aimed at enhancing productive performance.