基于循环经济的方法,我们评估了有针对性地补充奶牛剩余饲料的可能效果(即,集约系统)对杂交/牧场山羊的繁殖性能(即,广泛的系统)在干旱的北墨西哥。在深发情季节(即,3月-4月,北25°),体重(BW)和身体状况评分(BCS)相似的多胎山羊(n=38)随机分为两组:(1)补充组(SG;n=19;BCS:1.76±0.07;BW:43.7±1.8kg),放牧前接受400克山羊d-1的奶牛饲料剩余物;(2)未补充组(NS;n=19;BCS:1.76±0.06;BW:44.3±2.5kg)。两组均被引导到牧场进行约8h。而实验持续36d,实验育种考虑11d(d0-d10)。在雄性-雌性相互作用之前的第-20、-10和-1天,通过超声检查确认了山羊的无排卵状态。以前,雄鹿与实验雌性分离3周,每三天接受外源性睾酮(即,交配前50mgi.m.)。关于响应变量,即BW,BCS,血糖水平(BGL),发情诱导(GIE,%),发情延迟(LTE,h),发情持续时间(ED,h),和黄体组织体积(LTV,mm),实验组之间无差异(p>0.05)。然而,响应变量,即山羊排卵(GO,%;78.9vs.47.3),黄体总数(TNCL,n;27vs.13),排卵率(OR,n;1.42vs.0.73),多次排卵(MO,%;73.3vs.55.5),和d36的妊娠率(PRd36,%,68.4vs.36.8),SG优于NS山羊(p<0.05)。我们的结果表明,连接两个发散的反刍动物生产系统的圆形度(即,奶牛密集和山羊广泛),通过在边缘牧场生产系统下使用奶牛饲料剩余物作为有的放矢的补充策略,增强了反季节繁殖结果(即,排卵率和妊娠率),从而使边缘山羊生产者及其家庭受益。
Based on a circular economy approach, we evaluated the possible effect of targeted supplementation with leftover feed from dairy cows (i.e., intensive system) on the reproductive performance of crossbred/rangeland goats (i.e., extensive system) in arid Northern Mexico. During the deep-anestrous season (i.e., March-April, 25° North), multiparous goats (n = 38) with a similar body weight (BW) and body condition score (BCS) were randomly assigned to two groups: (1) supplemented group (SG; n = 19; BCS: 1.76 ± 0.07; BW: 43.7 ± 1.8 kg), receiving 400 g goat d-1 of dairy-cow-feed leftovers prior to grazing; and (2) non-supplemented group (NS; n = 19; BCS: 1.76 ± 0.06; BW: 44.3 ± 2.5 kg). Both groups were directed to the rangeland for a period of ≈8 h. While the experimental period lasted 36 d, the experimental breeding considered 11 d (d0-d10). The anovulatory status of goats was ultrasonographically confirmed on days -20, -10, and -1 prior to male-female interaction. Previously, bucks were separated for 3 weeks from the experimental females and received exogenous testosterone every third day (i.e., 50 mg i.m.) prior to mating. With respect to the response variables, namely BW, BCS, blood glucose levels (BGLs), estrus induction (GIE, %), latency to estrus (LTE, h), estrus duration (ED, h), and luteal tissue volume (LTV, mm), no differences (p > 0.05) occurred between experimental groups. However, the response variables, namely goats ovulating (GO, %; 78.9 vs. 47.3), total number of corpuses luteum (TNCL, n; 27 vs. 13), ovulation rate (OR, n; 1.42 vs. 0.73), multiple ovulation (MO, %; 73.3 vs. 55.5), and pregnancy rate on d 36 (PRd36, %, 68.4 vs. 36.8), favored (p < 0.05) the SG over the NS goats. Our results demonstrate that connecting the circularity of two divergent ruminant production systems (i.e., cow-intensive and goat-extensive) by using dairy cows\' feed leftovers as a targeted supplementation strategy in anestrous goats under a marginal-rangeland production system enhanced out-of-season reproductive outcomes (i.e., ovulation rate and pregnancy rate), thus benefiting marginal goat producers and their families.