METHODS: The 59-year-old patient complained of hearing loss on the left, ear murmur for a long time, periodic pain and discomfort in the left ear, dizziness for 6 months. She was found to have concurrent vestibular schwannoma in the internal auditory canal and temporal bone paraganglioma. Both tumors were removed in one operation. The schwannoma was removed by translabirinth access due to preoperative deafness, while the glomus tumor was removed during this access. Postoperative biopsy showed the presence of two unrelated diseases: paraganglioma (ICD-0 code 8690/3) and schwannoma (ICD-0 code 9560/0).
Представлен клинический случай невриномы лицевого нерва во внутреннем слуховом проходе и параганглиомы среднего уха. Пациентка 59 лет поступила с жалобами на снижение слуха слева, ушной шум длительное время, периодические боли и дискомфорт в левом ухе, головокружение на протяжении 6 мес. У нее обнаружено одновременное наличие вестибулярной шванномы во внутреннем слуховом проходе и параганглиомы височной кости. Обе опухоли удалены в процессе одной операции. Шваннома удалена с помощью транслабиринтного доступа из-за выраженного предоперационного нарушения слуха, в то время как опухоль гломуса удаляли по ходу выполнения данного доступа. Послеоперационная биопсия показала наличие двух не связанных между собой заболеваний: параганглиомы (ICD-0 code 8690/3) и шванномы (ICD-0 code 9560/0).

UNASSIGNED: A high-riding jugular bulb can complicate standard otologic and neurotologic approaches and must be taken into account during surgical planning.

OBJECTIVE: The retrolabyrinthine (presigmoid) approach has been utilized in various skull base surgeries but has not been fully utilized in the management of internal auditory canal (IAC) lesions, such as vestibular schwannoma (VS). Microsurgical retrolabyrinthine approach provides limited visualization of the IAC, while endoscopic-assisted techniques allow for further lateral exposure with labyrinthine preservation.
BACKGROUND: Traditional approaches to the IAC have the disadvantage of hearing sacrifice or retraction of brain tissue. With the introduction of endoscopic techniques and enhanced visualization, access to this region of complex anatomy is possible.
METHODS: Radiomorphometric and anatomical dissection was performed on two cadaveric temporal bones. High-resolution computed tomography was used to segment and delineate the volume of the IAC. Projected accessible IAC was compared to actual postdissection data with preservation of the posterior semicircular canal (PSCC) via the retrolabyrinthine corridor.
RESULTS: While preserving the PSCC, the 0° and 30° endoscopes visualized 57.1% and 78.6% of the IAC for cadaver 1, and 64.0% and 76.0% of the IAC for cadaver 2, respectively. Sacrificing the PSCC, the 0° and 30° endoscopes provided visualization of 78.6% 85.7% of the IAC for cadaver 1, and 88.0% and 95.1% of the IAC for cadaver 2, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS: Retrolabyrinthine approach to resection of VS is a potentially viable hearing-preserving alternative to traditional approaches. This approach provides access to the majority of the IAC, while angled endoscopes or sacrifice of the PSCC can provide additional access toward the fundus. Further studies are needed to determine the clinical feasibility of this approach.

OBJECTIVE: Iatrogenic facial nerve palsy following otological surgery is a devastating complication that results in adverse aesthetic and functional outcomes. This study aims to review studies that have reported cases of immediate facial nerve palsy to learn why and where injuries occurred and to assess outcomes following management.
UNASSIGNED: MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane CENTRAL, and Pubmed up to June 20, 2023.
METHODS: Clinical studies of immediate facial nerve palsies following middle ear and cochlear implantation surgery were included. Risk of bias was examined using the Brazzelli risk of bias tool. Due to the inconsistency in reporting of outcomes, we were unable to perform a meta-analysis.
RESULTS: Of 234 studies identified, 11 met the inclusion criteria. The most common causes of injury were excessive drilling, use of sharp hooks to remove disease, or disorientation of the surgeon secondary to bleeding or inflammation. Variable usage of preoperative computed tomography (CT) imaging and intraoperative facial nerve monitoring was reported. The tympanic segment was the most common site of injury. A variety of surgical techniques were employed to approach the facial nerve injury including facial nerve decompression, direct closure, and repair using an autologous nerve graft.
CONCLUSIONS: Otological surgeons should consider utilizing preoperative CT imaging to establish a three-dimensional mental image of key landmarks and anatomical variations before embarking on surgery. Intraoperative FN monitoring enables safe practice. Despite these measures, complex disease processes and hostile intraoperative conditions can present difficulty. Multiple treatment options are available to treat the underlying injury.

An explosion is a process that rapidly releases a huge amount of energy in the form of heat, kinetic energy, and high-pressure shock waves. Since the organ of hearing is most susceptible to pressure changes, damage to the sound-conducting or sound-receiving systems is inevitable in case of an explosive injury. This article examines the mechanism of formation of explosive injuries of the middle and inner ear in children and adolescents, the features of diagnosis and tactics of surgical reconstructive treatment of explosive ear injuries based on the data available in the scientific literature and their own experience.
Взрыв — это процесс, который стремительно высвобождает огромное количество энергии в виде тепла, кинетической энергии и ударных волн высокого давления. Поскольку орган слуха наиболее восприимчив к смене давления, поражение звукопроводящей или звуковоспринимающей систем неминуемо при взрывной травме. В данной статье рассмотрен механизм формирования взрывных повреждений среднего и внутреннего уха у детей и подростков, особенности диагностики и тактика хирургического реконструктивного лечения взрывных травм уха на основании имеющихся в научной литературе данных и собственного опыта.

BACKGROUND: Transcanal endoscopic ear surgery (TEES) reportedly requires a long learning curve and may be associated with more complications and longer operative times than microscopic ear surgery (MES). In this study, we aimed to examine the usefulness and validity of TEES for ossicular chain disruption in the early stages of its introduction in our institution.
METHODS: TEES was performed on 11 ears (10 with congenital ossicular chain discontinuity and 1 with traumatic ossicular chain dislocation), and MES was performed with a retroauricular incision on 18 ears (6 with congenital ossicular chain discontinuity and 12 with traumatic ossicular chain dislocation) in a tertiary referral center. Postoperative hearing results, operative times, and postoperative hospital length of stay were retrospectively reviewed. The Mann-Whitney U test and Fisher\'s exact test was performed to compare variables between the TEES and MES groups. Pre- and postoperative air- and bone-conduction thresholds and the air-bone gap of each group were compared using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The Mann-Whitney U test and Wilcoxon signed-rank was performed to compare the pre- and postoperative air-bone gaps between the diagnoses.
RESULTS: No significant differences in the postoperative air-conduction thresholds, bone-conduction thresholds, air-bone gaps, or incidence of air-bone gap ≤ 20 dB were observed between the TEES and MES groups. The air-conduction thresholds and air-bone gaps of the TEES group significantly improved postoperatively. The air-conduction thresholds and air-bone gaps of the MES group also significantly improved postoperatively. No significant difference was observed in the operative times between the groups (TEES group: median, 80 min; MES group: median, 85.5 min). The TEES group had a significantly shorter postoperative hospital stay (median, 2 days) than the MES group (median, 7.5 days).
CONCLUSIONS: TEES was considered appropriate for the treatment of ossicular chain disruption, even immediately after its introduction at our institution. For expert microscopic ear surgeons, ossicular chain disruption may be considered a suitable indication for the introduction of TEES.

OBJECTIVE: Atticotomy represents an essential surgical step within the management of attical cholesteatoma during endoscopic ear surgery. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the safety and functional results of an endoscopic atticotomy performed with piezosurgery, in terms of audiological outcomes and tissue\'s healing.
METHODS: This is an observational retrospective study on patients with attical cholesteatoma who underwent endoscopic ear surgery with piezoelectric atticotomy and subsequent scutum reconstruction either with tragal cartilage or temporalis muscle fascia. Scutumplasty\'s status was evaluated via scheduled outpatient controls through an endoscopic check and classified as stable or unstable at least 10 months after surgery. A pre- and postoperative audiometric examination was performed in each patient.
RESULTS: Eighty-four patients were enrolled. In 50 out of 84 patients (59.52%), an exclusive endoscopic procedure was performed, whereas in 34 patients (40.48%) a combined microscopic/endoscopicapproach was adopted. In 72 cases (85.71%), scutum\'s reconstruction appeared to be normally positioned, whereas 12 patients developed a retraction pocket, which was self-cleaning in 8 of them and non-self-cleaning in the remaining 4. In 17 patients, a slight sensorineural hearing loss (between 5 and 15 dBHL) was observed, and in 2 patients, the loss was greater than 15 dBHL. Overall, no significative differences between pre- and postoperative pure-tone average bone thresholds resulted (p = 0.4983), though a mild significant hearing deterioration was detected by the specific analysis at 4000 Hz (p = 0.0291).
CONCLUSIONS: Piezosurgery represents an extremely useful tool in performing atticotomy during endoscopic tympanoplasties. Our data seem to support the safety of its usage in this specific step, as it did not lead to any significant sensorineural damage on overall pure-tone average. Moreover, satisfactory tissue healing in regard to scutum reconstruction was observed.

OBJECTIVE: The retrospective cohort study aimed to determine the safety and efficacy of TruBlue laser application in cholesteatoma surgeries.
METHODS: All cholesteatoma surgeries conducted from January 2018 to January 2022 in two tertiary referral hospitals in Hong Kong, with and without use of TruBlue laser, were included. Pure tone audiogram was done pre- and post-operatively to assess hearing. Disease extent was graded with ChOLE score and ChOLE staging. Residual disease was determined clinically, radiologically, or surgically with second look operation.
RESULTS: One hundred twenty cholesteatoma cases were identified. There are 39.2% (n = 47) of the cholesteatoma surgeries that utilized TruBlue laser, while 60.8% (n = 73) did not. Overall follow-up duration was 21 ± 12.4 months, ranging from 2 to 47 months. Both groups were similar in demographics, pre-operative hearing and ChOLE staging. The length of stay was comparable in both groups (2 ± 2 days in nonlaser, 1 ± 1 day in laser, p = 0.31). There was no facial nerve injury related to surgery in both groups, and overall complication rates were similar (4.1% in nonlaser, 4.3% in laser, p = 0.97). The postoperative hearing was comparable with good hearing preservation in both groups. Residual cholesteatoma occurred in 17.8% (n = 13) in nonlaser group, and 21.3% (n = 10) in laser group, which was not statistically significant (p = 0.64). Seventy percent of the cholesteatoma residual in laser group occurred at area that TruBlue LASER cannot be applied.
CONCLUSIONS: TruBlue LASER was safe in cholesteatoma surgeries, though no added benefits were shown in reducing cholesteatoma residual rate. A larger controlled study is warranted to discern the true effect of TruBlue LASER.
METHODS: Level 3.

BACKGROUND: Skin closure techniques in otolaryngology vary based on surgeon preference and wound site. Octyl-2-Cyanoacrylate may be a safe, rapid, and cost-effective option for post-site closure.
OBJECTIVE: This randomized controlled trial study aimed to compare Octyl-2-Cyanoacrylate and conventional subcuticular sutures in ear surgeries, assessing wound closure results in both case and control groups.
METHODS: This prospective, randomized, controlled, single-blind study was conducted at Ohud Hospital from May 2021 to May 2022. Ear surgery and cochlear implantation in patients were examined, and each group was randomly assigned to receive Dermabond TM and deep layer subcuticular sutures closure. Incisions were assessed at various time points, including 3 weeks, 6 weeks, 6 months, and 1 year post-surgery. The patient and observer Scar Assessment Scale was used, and two independent ear surgeons used the Stony Brook Scar Evaluation Scale for initial scar assessment.
RESULTS: This study involved 126 ear surgery and cochlear implantation patients randomized to use cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive or subcuticular suture for port site closure. The study found that tissue adhesive (OCA) was faster and more efficient than standard sutures, saving an average of 12 min per incision in each ear. Incision cosmesis showed immediate results and significant differences, and patient satisfaction with OCA wound closure was higher than standard sutures.
CONCLUSIONS: The findings confirmed that cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive significantly reduced the time needed for skin closure during ear surgery and showed immediate cosmetic improvements without any documented instances of bleeding, hematoma, infection, or wound separation.
METHODS: This is a randomized controlled trial, it follows Level 2 of evidence. Randomized trial or observational study with dramatic effects Laryngoscope, 134:4036-4041, 2024.

手术显微镜的推广与应用开创了现代耳显微外科的新纪元。近30年来，耳内镜技术经历了飞速发展，并广泛应用于从外耳道到内听道及侧颅底手术中，使得部分手术更加具有微创性，促使耳显微外科逐步向微创外科发展。目前，全耳内镜手术主要应用于外、中耳局限性非血管性病变。对于侧颅底病变，显微镜手术仍占主导，但耳内镜作为辅助工具，有助于减少手术创伤。手术工具的选择应基于疾病治疗理念和原则，结合各自的优势取长补短，从而做出适合于患者的最佳选择。.