渗透能量,通常被称为“蓝色能量”,是混合不同盐浓度的溶液产生的能量,提供一个巨大的,可再生,和环境友好型能源。渗透动力生产的效率在很大程度上取决于跨膜过程的性能,这取决于离子电导率和区分正离子和负离子的能力。最近的进步导致了具有精确定制的离子传输纳米通道的膜材料的发展,实现高效的渗透能量收集。在这次审查中,探索了离子在受限纳米通道中的扩散以及膜结构的合理设计和优化。此外,强调了膜结构优化以减轻运输阻力和浓度极化效应以增强渗透能量收集。最后,展望了未来的挑战,并概述了渗透能转化的潜在应用。这篇综述为渗透能转换的发展前景提供了全面的观点。
Osmotic energy, often referred to as \"blue energy\", is the energy generated from the mixing of solutions with different salt concentrations, offering a vast, renewable, and environmentally friendly energy resource. The efficacy of osmotic power production considerably relies on the performance of the transmembrane process, which depends on ionic conductivity and the capability to differentiate between positive and negative ions. Recent advancements have led to the development of membrane materials featuring precisely tailored ion transport nanochannels, enabling high-efficiency osmotic energy harvesting. In this review, ion diffusion in confined nanochannels and the rational design and optimization of membrane architecture are explored. Furthermore, structural optimization of the membrane to mitigate transport resistance and the concentration polarization effect for enhancing osmotic energy harvesting is highlighted. Finally, an outlook on the challenges that lie ahead is provided, and the potential applications of osmotic energy conversion are outlined. This review offers a comprehensive viewpoint on the evolving prospects of osmotic energy conversion.