用于民用的拉挤纤维增强聚合物复合材料,电源,和海上/海洋应用使用填料作为树脂增量剂和过程效率。虽然填料的主要用途是以增量剂和加工助剂的形式,填料的适当选择可以提高机械性能,耐用性,和多功能性。这在结构和高电压应用中是特别感兴趣的,其中特定填料的先前使用的水平太低而不能提供这些增强。这项研究调查了使用三种不同粒径的蒙脱土有机粘土填料作为常规CaCO3填料的替代品,目的是提高机械性能和湿热耐久性。该研究调查了水分吸收和动力学,并揭示了两阶段过程很好地描述了吸收,该过程包含了扩散主导的初始阶段和代表松弛和劣化的第二较慢阶段。与使用CaCO3填料相比,有机粘土颗粒的掺入大大降低了吸收水平,同时还增强了阶段I,扩散,主导稳定性,在相同的20%负载水平(以树脂的重量计)下,与CaCO3填料相比,使用1.5mm有机粘土填料的峰值吸收显示多达41.5%的减少。使用张力表征机械性能,挠曲,和短梁剪切试验。有机粘土填料在每种填料中都显示出显着的改善,尽管由于粒度的差异。总的来说,4.8mm有机粘土填料基E-玻璃/乙烯基酯复合体系显示出在去离子水中浸泡四种不同温度后的最佳性能,在研究的最高温度(70°C)下,在去离子水中浸入一年后,这是唯一一个在所有特性上的劣化小于50%的人。填料不仅增强了抗吸收能力,而且增加了路径中的弯曲度,从而降低摄取的整体效果。观察结果表明,使用带有插层的剥离有机粘土颗粒,以前使用的量非常低,并且已知在增强热稳定性方面是有益的,阻燃性,和降低可燃性,提供增强的机械特性,减少水分吸收,和增加的湿热耐久性,当使用在颗粒负载水平可比的常规填料,这表明这些新颖的系统可以被考虑用于关键的结构应用。
Pultruded fiber reinforced polymer composites used in civil, power, and offshore/marine applications use fillers as resin extenders and for process efficiency. Although the primary use of fillers is in the form of an extender and processing aid, the appropriate selection of filler can result in enhancing mechanical performance characteristics, durability, and multifunctionality. This is of special interest in structural and high voltage applications where the previous use of specific fillers has been at levels that are too low to provide these enhancements. This study investigates the use of montmorillonite
organoclay fillers of three different particle sizes as substitutes for conventional CaCO3 fillers with the intent of enhancing mechanical performance and hygrothermal durability. The study investigates moisture uptake and kinetics and reveals that uptake is well described by a two-stage process that incorporates both a diffusion dominated initial phase and a second slower phase representing relaxation and deterioration. The incorporation of the
organoclay particles substantially decreases uptake levels in comparison to the use of CaCO3 fillers while also enhancing stage I, diffusion, dominated stability, with the use of the 1.5 mm
organoclay fillers showing as much as a 41.5% reduction in peak uptake as compared to the CaCO3 fillers at the same 20% loading level (by weight of resin). The mechanical performance was characterized using tension, flexure, and short beam shear tests. The
organoclay fillers showed a significant improvement in each, albeit with differences due to particle size. Overall, the best performance after exposure to four different temperatures of immersion in deionized water was shown by the 4.8 mm organoclay filler-based E-glass/vinylester composite system, which was the only one to have less than a 50% deterioration over all characteristics after immersion for a year in deionized water at the highest temperature investigated (70 °C). The fillers not only enhance resistance to uptake but also increase tortuosity in the path, thereby decreasing the overall effect of uptake. The observations demonstrate that the use of the exfoliated
organoclay particles with intercalation, which have been previously used in very low amounts, and which are known to be beneficial in relation to enhanced thermal stability, flame retardancy, and decreased flammability, provide enhanced mechanical characteristics, decreased moisture uptake, and increased hygrothermal durability when used at particle loading levels comparable to those of conventional fillers, suggesting that these novel systems could be considered for critical structural applications.